004) and ED pulse (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.04; p = 0.03) remained significant predictors of ICU delirium after adjusting for ISS, hypoxic state, blood transfusions, and ED blood pressure. Among

ED Glasgow Coma Scale score (10.5 +/- 5.1 vs. 11.4 +/- 5.5; p = 0.7), ISS (33.3 +/- 10.1 vs. 32.2 +/- 9.0; p = 0.5), ventilator days (6.5 +/- 7.5 vs. 6.2 +/- 8.8; p = 0.4), blood transfusions (8.1 +/- 6.8 vs. 9.4 +/- 8.1; p = 0.4), and delirium (62% vs. 62.5%; p = 0.9), there were no significant univariate associations with LTCI.

Conclusions: selleck products Hypoxic events in the ICU do not have a direct correlation with ICU delirium or LTCI in the patients with multiple injuries without evidence of intracranial hemorrhage.”
“Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are at risk of developing additional tumors in the head and neck. The detection of a late lymph node metastasis poses a problem to the clinician: it could be a delayed regional metastasis or a new metastasis from a yet unknown second primary tumor.

Differentiation between metastasis and recurrence PFTα molecular weight of primary tumors versus second primary tumor may be difficult because all lesions have the histologic appearance of SCC. Differentiation between these possibilities, however, carries important differences in therapeutic and prognostic consequences. In the following case report we present an unusually late regional lymph node metastasis

in a patient who was treated 4 years earlier for an SCC in the inferior alveolar ridge. The purpose of the present study was to apply mitochondrial DNA D-loop analysis to assess the clonal relationship between oral tumor and node metastasis.”
“Background:

The primary aim of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life of survivors of severe trauma 1 year after injury, specified according to all the separate dimensions of the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and the Health Utilities Index (HUI).

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in which all severely injured trauma Napabucasin molecular weight patients presented at a Level I trauma center were included. After 12 months, the EQ-5D, HUI2 and HUI3 were used to analyze the health status.

Results: Follow-up assessments were obtained from 246 patients (response rate, 68%). The overall population EQ-5D (median) utility score was 0.73 (EQ-5D Dutch general population norm, 0.88). HUI2, HUI3, and EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale scores were 0.81, 0.65, and 70, respectively. Eighteen percent had at least one functional limitation 1 year after trauma, and 60% reported functional limitations on two or more domains using the EQ-5D. The female gender and comorbidity were significant independent predictors of disability.

Conclusion: Functional outcome and quality of life of survivors of severe injury have not returned to normal 1 year after trauma. The prevalence of specific limitations in this population is very high (40-70%). Female gender and comorbidity are predictors of long-term disability.

Only 11% (27 of 253; 95% CI: 7%, 15%) of radiologists knew what concentration of epinephrine was

available in their drug kit and/or crash cart and what equipment would be required to administer it to a patient.

Conclusion: Radiologists’ knowledge of epinephrine for the management of severe contrast material-induced allergic reactions is deficient. (C) RSNA, 2009″
“We present systematic investigations of the electronic and magnetic properties of the graphene/Ni(111) system by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-202190.html at the Ni L(2,3) and C K absorption edges. The XAS C 1s ->pi*,sigma* spectra show dramatic changes as the angle, alpha, between the electrical vector of light and normal of the sample is varied reflecting the symmetry of the final state (sigma or pi). XMCD spectra reveal an induced magnetic moment of the carbon atoms in the graphene layer. Our experimental results AG 14699 are discussed in the light of previous results on the observation of induced magnetism in nonmagnetic materials. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3360340]“
“Purpose: To determine whether a type of contrast medium (CM), iodixanol, modifies outer

medullary descending vasa recta (DVR) vasoreactivity and nitric oxide (NO) production in isolated microperfused DVR.

Materials and Methods: Animal handling conformed to the Animal Care Committee Guidelines of all participating institutions. Single specimens

of DVR were isolated from rats and perfused with a buffered solution containing iodixanol. A concentration of 23 mg of iodine per milliliter was chosen to mimic that expected to be used in usual examinations in humans. Luminal diameter was determined by using video microscopy, and NO was measured by using fluorescent techniques.

Results: Iodixanol led to 52% reduction of DVR luminal diameter, a narrowing that might interfere with passage of erythrocytes in vivo. Vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II was enhanced by iodixanol. Moreover, iodixanol decreased NO bioavailability selleck chemicals llc by more than 82%. Use of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (a superoxide dismutase mimetic) prevented both vasoconstriction with iodixanol alone and increased constriction with angiotensin II caused by CM.

Conclusion: Iodixanol in doses typically used for coronary interventions constricts DVR, intensifies angiotensin II-induced constriction, and reduces bioavailability of NO. CM-induced nephropathy may be related to these events and scavenging of reactive oxygen species might exert a therapeutic benefit by preventing the adverse effects that a CM has on medullary perfusion. (C) RSNA, 2009″
“BackgroundChildhood cancer survival in low-income countries is low.

ObjectiveOur study investigated health-care providers’ perspectives on childhood cancer treatment in Indonesia.

“
“A 6-year study of stool samples from 4604 children Selleck CP-868596 hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis was conducted to investigate the role of enteric viruses as a cause of gastroenteritis in north-west Greece. Rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses and astroviruses were detected in 21.35%, 4%, 3.5% and 2.35%, respectively, by enzyme immunoassays and molecular techniques. Molecular

techniques enhanced overall diagnostic efficacy by 2.5%, and by c. 10% each for rotavirus and adenovirus. Rotavirus was the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis, usually associated with severe illness. Mixed infections were found in 4.4% of positive specimens, and rotavirus plus astrovirus represented the most frequent co-infection (55.5%). This first study on the epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in Greece shows that recent advances in the diagnosis of viral enteropathogens may have only marginal effects on overall diagnostic efficacy, and thus the impact of viral agents causing sporadic gastroenteritis in selleck inhibitor public health cannot be fully evaluated.”
“Stable waterborne poly(urethane-urea) (WBPU; soft segment content: 57%; dimethylol propionic acid: 19 mol %/5.8 wt %)polyacrylate(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate) (weight ratio: 4/1) hybrid latex (emulsions) with different acrylic contents [0, 10, 20, 30, and

40 wt % based on poly(urethane-urea)] and without external surfactant were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization during a prepolymer mixing process. However, the as-polymerized hybrid latex containing 50 wt % of acrylic monomer content was found to be unstable, indicating that about 50 wt % of acrylic monomer content was beyond the limit

value of self-emulsifying ability of WBPU anionomer prepared in this study. The breadth of particle size distribution of hybrid latex increased markedly from 2075 to 55275 nm with increasing acrylic monomer content from Cell Cycle inhibitor 0 to 40 wt %. The pristine WBPU and hybrid latex samples containing 10, 20, and 30 wt % of acrylic monomer showed unimodal distributions, whereas the hybrid sample having 40 wt % acrylic monomer content displayed a bimodal distribution with the broadest breadth. As acrylic monomer content increased, the yield point of stressstrain curve, hardness, glass transition, and water resistance of hybrid film samples increased, whereas their abrasion resistance, elongation at break, and elasticity decreased. The tensile strength of hybrid film samples (1030 wt % of acrylic monomer content) was almost the same as that of pristine WBPU film sample, indicating the intimate molecular mixing between poly(urethane-urea) and polyacrylate molecules in hybrids.

999), precise at the intra-day and inter-day levels Cell Cycle inhibitor as reflected by the relative standard deviation values (less than 1.0 %), accurate (average recovery 100.17 %). The detection and quantitation limits were 0,000417 and 0,001388 mu g/mL, respectively. The method was successfully used to determine the entrapment efficiency of ursolic acid in poly(epsilon-caprolactone)

nanoparticles.”
“Background: Computerized tomographic scans are routinely obtained to evaluate a number of musculoskeletal conditions. However, since computerized tomographic scans expose patients to the greatest amounts of radiation of all imaging modalities, the physician must be cognizant of the effective doses of radiation that are administered. This investigation was performed to quantify the effective doses of computerized tomographic scans that are performed for various musculoskeletal applications.

Methods: The digital imaging archive of a single institution was retrospectively reviewed to identify helical computerized tomographic scans that were completed to visualize the extremities or spine. Imaging parameters were recorded for each examination, and dosimetry calculator software was used to calculate the effective dose values according to a

modified protocol derived from publication SR250 of the National Radiological AZD6244 MAPK inhibitor Protection Board of the United Kingdom. Computerized tomographic scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were also collected, and the effective doses were compared with those reported by prior groups in order to validate the results of the current study.

Results: The mean effective doses for computerized tomographic scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (5.27, 4.95, and 4.85 mSv, respectively) were consistent with those of previous investigations. The highest mean effective doses were recorded for studies evaluating the spine (4.36,

β-Nicotinamide Others inhibitor 17.99, and 19.15 mSv for the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spines, respectively). In the upper extremity, the effective dose of a computerized tomographic scan of the shoulder (2.06 mSv) was higher than those of the elbow (0.14 mSv) and wrist (0.03 mSv). Similarly, the effective dose of a hip scan (3.09 mSv) was significantly higher than those observed with knee (0.16 mSv) and ankle (0.07 mSv) scans.

Conclusions: Computerized tomographic scans of the axial and appendicular skeleton are associated with substantially elevated radiation exposures, but the effective dose declines substantially for anatomic structures that are further away from the torso.”
“Lumbar disc degeneration may be associated with intensity of neovascularization in disc herniations. Our study was designed to evaluate how much the severity of histodegeneration is related to the development of neovascularization and to the level of pleiotrophin in the herniated lumbar discs.

Surgically excised lumbar disc specimens were obtained from 29 patients with noncontained (i.e.

Although

previously not reported, our case shows that blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm may be associated with lymphoid malignancy. The relationship between the 2 neoplasms, however, is unclear. A high degree of suspicion and bone marrow examination in patients with a new diagnosis of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is required to avoid this potential diagnostic pitfall.”
“To prepare and evaluate three novels functionalized polymers (PGA, PGA-co-caprolactone Lonafarnib ic50 & PGA-co-pentadecalactone) for the development of nanoparticles which were further used in the development of a novel polymeric prodrug using Ibuprofen as a model drug. The Ibuprofen-polymer prodrug was developed by coupling the drug to one of the three prepared polyester polymers via ester linkage. A hydrolytic enzyme was used to prepare two polymer monomers, glycerol and polyvinyl selleck chemicals llc adipate, which are non toxic, ester linked biological monomers. The polymers and their prodrug were characterized using NMR, GPC, UV-spectrophotometer and DSC. In vitro drug release study of Ibuprofen-polymer conjugate was performed in phosphate buffer PH 7.4 using a roller (Stuart STR 1) placed in an incubator (Stuart SI 60) and the temperature was kept constant at 37 +/- 1 degrees C. Among the three polymers, glycerol-adipate-co-pentadecalactone was observed to give a burst release following

slow release in the medium. These characteristics suggest that these polymers can be successfully used in sustained release drug formulations.”
“Artificial insemination (AI) of sows results in a significant elevation of prostaglandin F2a metabolite (PGFM) levels in peripheral plasma, whereas in mated sows such elevation is not seen. The aim of this study was to investigate whether boar seminal plasma (SP) has any effect on the release of PGFM, prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a), prostaglandin

E2 (PGE2) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) by selleck inhibitor in vitro cultured porcine endometrial (epithelial pUE and stromal pUS), cervical (pCE and pCS) and bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bUE). This study shows that boar SP inhibits the release of PGFM, PGF2a and PGE2 by porcine endometrial and cervical cells and bovine endometrial cells after 3 and 24 h incubation. Boar SP stimulated IL-6 release by pUE, pUS and even bUE after 3 h incubation. Tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) stimulated the release of IL-6 by pUS only after 24 h incubation, but in the presence of boar SP, this stimulation was attenuated. The overall results from these in vitro studies give us possibility to understand the difference in prostaglandin response between mated and inseminated sows. Furthermore, we demonstrated that frozen-stored epithelial and stromal cells from pig endometrium, as well as from the cervix are suitable for studying the effect of SP on the release of prostaglandins.

A group of entire male pigs fed dried chicory root for 16 days prior to slaughter were included in the study. CYP activities were assessed by the use of probe substrates, whilst mRNA and protein expression were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore inhibition of CYP dependent activity by gonadal steroids was assessed in vitro. Microsomes from female pigs had greater CYP1A2 and 2A selleckchem activity, as well

as mRNA expression compared to entire male pigs. The antibodies used did not detected differences in protein expression. In vitro inhibition by 17 beta-oestradiol, oestrone, androstenone and 3 beta-OH androstenol of CYP2E1 activity in microsomes from entire male pigs as well as inhibition of CYP1A activity in chicory fed entire male pigs was observed. Apart from that no effect of steroids was shown. In conclusion, female pigs show greater CYP activity and mRNA expression. Including chicory in the diet for 16 days changed the gonadal steroid dependent inhibition of CYP activity in entire male pigs.”
“Transposition of the great arteries with a ventricular septal defect and an associated aortopulmonary window

is a rare anatomic combination having a high risk for pulmonary hypertension. Arterial switch with closure of the ventricular septal defect and repair of the aortopulmonary window is the procedure of choice, C59 Wnt but a postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis is a common occurrence associated with significant morbidity and A-1155463 mw mortality. This report describes one case of such an anatomic lesion, which was repaired successfully with a fenestrated ventricular septal defect patch as an adjunct to decrease the risk of a postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis.”
“In the present study calibration models were developed for non destructive estimation of total phenol

and crude fiber content in intact rapeseed mustard seed by Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FTNIR). Rapeseed-mustard (Brassica spp.) is an important group of oilseed crops in India. The defatted meal that is left after oil extraction is a high value by-product for animal nutrition and is also a potential source of protein for human nutrition. However the utilization of mustard meal in animal (monogastric livestock such as poultry and pigs) and human nutrition is limited due to high content of antinutritive compounds such as fiber and phenolic. In order to develop genotypes with low or high contents of phenol and fiber fast screening of existing genotypes is required. The traditional methods for estimation of total phenol and crude fiber are destructive and time consuming.

This occurred even in the absence of anti-Gal antibody and was mediated by both C5a and C5b-9. Indeed, C5a directly

triggered IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and up-regulated expression of swine leukocyte antigen I (SLA-I) and adhesion molecules on chondrocytes, all processes that enhance cellular rejection. Finally, the use of anti-human C5/C5a antibodies and/or recombinant expression of human complement regulatory molecule CD59 (hCD59) conferred protection in correspondence with their specific functions.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that complement activation contributes to rejection of xenogeneic cartilage and provides valuable information for selecting approaches for complement inhibition. (C) 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Several studies carried out over the last years show

that patients’ adjustment is very important Nutlin-3 cost to Milciclib order the past experiences of people with cancer. In our study of 96 subjects with cancer, we examined whether patient’s working model of attachment anxiety/avoidance and perceptions of social support predicts adjustment to cancer.

Methods: All participants filled in a demographic questionnaire, the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC).

Results: Anxious attachment predicted psychological adjustment: patients with high levels of anxious attachment showed high levels of helplessness/hopelessness

and anxious preoccupation (p<0.01, and p<0.05, respectively). With regard to the function of perceived social support, the patient’s perception of social support from friends was predictive of both fighting spirit and stoic acceptance (p = 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, the patient’s perception of support from family members was not predictive of see more adjustment to cancer. Patients in the advanced stages of the illness showed higher levels of helplessness/hopelessness (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Anxious attachment and perceived social support predicted different domains of psychological adjustment to cancer. Perceived support from friends may predict the patient’s tendency to consider cancer as a challenge and to take an active role in therapy and recovery, whereas social support from family was not predictive of various states of adjustment to cancer. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Growth factors are soluble secreted proteins capable of affecting a variety of cellular processes important for tissue regeneration. Consequently, the self-healing capacity of patients can be augmented by artificially enhancing one or more processes important for healing through the application of growth factors. However, their application in clinics remains limited due to lack of robust delivery systems and biomaterial carriers.

“
“Background: The prognostic significance of spontaneous regression in melanoma,

especially thin lesions, has been a controversial issue for the past 20 years, although recent studies suggest that extensive and late regression may be related to worse prognosis. Many data suggest that lymphangiogenesis predicts metastatic spread in melanoma.

Methods: We have quantified lymphatic microvascular density (LMVD) in thin (<= 1.0 mm) superficial spreading melanomas comparing regressive and nonregressive melanomas, regressive and nonregressive areas from AZD7762 the same tumor, and early and late histological stages of regression in the same tumor. In addition, we tried to correlate lymphangiogenesis and tumor growth phase. We conducted histological examinations and immunohistochemical analyses using monoclonal antibody D2-40 with subsequent quantification by image analysis of 37 melanomas, 16 regressive and 21 nonregressive (controls).

Results: We found higher LMVD in the late stage of regression

compared with nonregressive area (internal control) of regressive melanomas.

Conclusions: Our study suggest that the late stage of spontaneous regression in thin melanomas may be related to worse prognosis as it showed higher LMVD, Dorsomorphin and evidence shows that this is related with increased risk of metastatic spread. But this supposition must be confirmed by a longer follow-up for detection of lymph node metastases.”
“Authors present a rare case of isolated hyoid bone fractures as a result of a traffic accident. Ten hours before the exam, the patient injured his neck by hitting it against a metal pole which he did not notice while riding a bicycle. Immediately

afterwards he felt the pain, and came for an examination due to pain with swallowing. ENT examination discovered no signs of trauma in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx and visible part of trachea. Computed tomography discovered an isolated fracture of hyoid bone. After 24 hour observation, patient was discharged for home care, and was shown a swallowing technique which significantly reduces swallowing pain. At control ENT examination ERK inhibitor 10 days later patient had no complaints. Control CT examination was not performed, as patient refused it.”
“OBJECTIVES: Simulators have been proven to equip trainee surgeons with better skills than the traditional, standard approach to skill development. The purpose of this study was to develop a low-fidelity, low-cost, reusable and portable simulation device, which could provide training in nearly the full range of mitral valve surgery techniques, in both the classic, open approach as well as the minimally invasive approach.

METHODS: This novel simulator is made up of commonly available components. The basic elements are a classic baby bottle, with the associated feeding teat and screw ring, in combination with a sheet of dental dam. The detailed process for making this simulator is outlined in this article.

All rights reserved.”
“Lipoxygenase (linoleate:oxygen oxidoreductase: EC 1.13.11.12: LOX) catalyzes oxygenation of polyenoic fatty acids, which precedes the degradation of storage lipids during seed germination in sunflower. In the present work, it has been confirmed that 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCFDA) produces fluorescence in presence of lipid hydroperoxides (LOX reaction products). This work provides new information on spatial localization of transiently Selleckchem Bromosporine enhanced LOX activity in protoplasts from 5 d old seedling cotyledons of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L cv. Morden) by exploiting H(2)DCFDA as a probe for fluorescence detection

from LOX activity sites. Use of LOX inhibitors [nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and propyl gallate (PG)] confirms oil bodies as LOX activity sites. Oil body surface has been shown to possess LOX activity in 5 d old seedling cotyledons. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: First, to assess the feasibility of a protocol involving stress-induced perfusion evaluated at computed tomography (CT) combined with cardiac CT angiography in a single examination and second, to assess the incremental value of perfusion

imaging over cardiac CT angio graphy in a dual-source technique for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease ( CAD) find more in a high-risk population.

Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval and informed patient MI-503 mw consent were obtained before patient enrollment in the study. The study was HIPAA compliant. Thirty-five patients at high risk for CAD were prospectively enrolled for evaluation of the feasibility of CT perfusion imaging. All patients underwent retrospectively electrocardiographically gated ( helical) adenosine stress CT perfusion imaging followed by prospectively

electrocardiographically gated ( axial) rest myocardial CT perfusion imaging. Analysis was performed in three steps: ( a) Coronary arterial stenoses were scored for severity and reader confidence at cardiac CT angiography, (b) myocardial perfusion defects were identified and scored for severity and reversibility at CT perfusion imaging, and ( c) coronary stenosis severity was reclassified according to perfusion findings at combined cardiac CT angiography and CT perfusion imaging. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of cardiac CT angiography before and after CT perfusion analysis were calculated.

Results: With use of a reference standard of greater than 50% stenosis at invasive angiography, all parameters of diagnostic accuracy increased after CT perfusion analysis: Sensitivity increased from 83% to 91%; specificity, from 71% to 91%; PPV, from 66% to 86%; and NPV, from 87% to 93%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased significantly, from 0.77 to 0.90 (P < .005).

2 mW/m(2) with So equal to 28% for glucose and 17.2 mW/m(2) with epsilon(cd), equal to 22% for lactose. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the dominant contribution to the cell overpotential was due to the ohmic resistance of the MFC. The contribution of the electrode overpotentials was also significant, mainly that of the cathode overpotential. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Study AZD5153 cost Design. Case report.

Objective. To describe a new

method of minimally invasive percutaneous sacropelvic fixation and to report on its use in two patients.

Summary of Background Data. The Galveston and iliac screw techniques are in widespread use for sacropelvic fixation, but neither technique is amenable to a percutaneous approach. The S2-alariliac technique is a recently described method that involves finding a pathway from the S2 sacrum into the ilium with fluoroscopy. We describe a new minimally invasive approach for this technique that allows percutaneous insertion of the screws and spinal construct.

Methods. A 69-year-old female with follicular thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the sacrum and a 55-year-old male with a sacral fracture were both treated with the new technique. We have described this new technique and reviewed CHIR 99021 the patients’ clinical history, radiographic imaging, and outcomes.

Results.

Stable fixation was achieved in both cases. Blood loss was 70 and 45 mL, respectively. There were no intraoperative complications.

Conclusion. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of a percutaneous minimally invasive approach to sacropelvic fixation in spinal fusion surgery. It is likely that this minimally invasive technique will result in less blood loss, lower infection rates, and a more rapid postoperative recovery than that associated with the

more widely used open techniques.”
“Encapsulated C. I. disperse dye blue 60 (disperse dye) was prepared with poly(styrene-maleic Adriamycin mw acid) via phase separation method, followed by the preparation of dispersion and inkjet printing ink. The results showed that the encapsulated disperse dye dispersion had a small particle size, narrow particle size distribution, and excellent stability to centrifugal force, freeze-thaw treatment, polyols and alkali and its rheological behavior belong to Newtonian fluid. The ink that prepared using this dispersion satisfied with the requirement of Mimaki JV4-180 and showed an excellent printing performance at room temperature. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 1616-1621, 2011″
“Jatropha curcas seed press cake contains 23 wt% proteins (dry basis). Due to the toxic compounds in Jatropha, we will use the proteins for non-food applications. Related to non-food applications, an efficient protein extraction to obtain a high protein recovery and high protein concentration with good protein functional properties is required.