Methods Using a numerical illustration and repeats from 42 300 individuals (12 cohorts), we estimated regression dilution ratios (RDRs) in calculated risk factors [body-mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)] and in their components (height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference), assuming the long-term average exposure to be of interest. Error-corrected hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) were compared across adiposity

measures per standard-deviation (SD) change in: (i) baseline and (ii) error-corrected levels.

Results RDRs in calculated risk factors depend strongly on the RDRs, correlation, and comparative distributions of the components of these risk factors.

For measures of adiposity, the RDR was lower for WHR [RDR: 0.72 (95% confidence NCT-501 interval 0.65-0.80)] than for either of its components [waist circumference: 0.87 (0.85-0.90); hip circumference: 0.90 (0.86-0.93) or for BMI: 0.96 (0.93-0.98) and WHtR: 0.87 (0.85-0.90)], predominantly because of the stronger correlation selleck inhibitor and more similar distributions observed between waist circumference and hip circumference than between height and weight or between waist circumference and height. Error-corrected HRs for BMI, waist circumference, WHR, and WHtR, were respectively 1.24, 1.30, 1.44, and 1.32 per SD change in baseline levels of these variables, and 1.24, 1.27, 1.35, and 1.30 per SD change in error-corrected levels.

Conclusions The extent of within-person variability relative to between-person variability in calculated risk factors can be considerably larger (or smaller) than in its components. Aetiological associations of risk factors should be compared through the use of error-corrected https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ag-881.html HRs per SD change in error-corrected levels of these risk factors.”
“Trauma still remains as one of the leading causes for mortality in Western civilization. The early clinical management of severely injured patients leads to structural and organizational challenges involving different

specialties.

Trauma team leaders have to coordinate diagnostic and therapeutic steps in cooperation with different involved specialties. Furthermore, they have to make decisions based on contrary department-depending assessments. In addition, several special injuries commonly found in multiple traumatized patients require special attention.

Actually, structural changes in generating trauma networks are to be mentioned. Trauma networks suggest to improve patients survival in close cooperation between hospitals with different structural and personal capabilities. Close communication networks are required to guarantee transportation to an adequate trauma center.”
“Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an under-recognized major health problem among women in South-East Asia.

This case represents a newborn delivered by cesarean section for breech presentation who sustained bilateral subtrochanteric fracture of the femur.

The newborn was treated with immobilization in pelvipedal cast.

It has been concluded that performing accurate delivery technique and immediate evaluation-orthopedic

consultation of the newborn U0126 solubility dmso in the presence of forced obstetrical maneuver are important.”
“A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection among horses, using a total of 527 blood samples obtained from eight states in Peninsular Malaysia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors associated with T. evansi seroprevalence. The overall seroprevalence detected by card agglutination test for T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi) was 13.90% (73/527, CI: 11.2-17.1%). Female and exogenous horses showed a higher risk in association with the disease seroprevalence compared to other groups. The majority of the horse owners were not familiar with surra (85.30%). However, most of them were very cautious with the health of their animals. In conclusion, this study showed that T. evansi occurred in low frequency among horses in Peninsular Malaysia,

and the good management system adopted by horse owners was probably responsible www.selleckchem.com/products/fg-4592.html for the low T. evansi occurrence. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We study the hysteresis in threshold voltage shift during alternating gate bias ramps (drain current AS1842856 cost vs gate voltage (IdVg) sweeps) after negative bias temperature stress and compare the results with

carefully recorded charge pumping measurements. This allows us to clearly identify three different types of defects. All defect types have in common that their charge state depends on the position of the Fermi level and that they introduce a broad density of states (DOS) in the vicinity or within of the silicon band gap. Defect I is fully recoverable, defect II is similar to defect I in terms of DOS but does not recover, while defect III can be attributed to the conventional interface states. With a precise microstructural model in mind, and by using specific test chips, which allow us to vary stress bias and temperature quasiarbitrarily, we come to the conclusion that the carrier trapping and detrapping characteristics of stress induced defects can be controlled by temperature and electric field in a similar way, but that irrevocable structural relaxation is mainly influenced by temperature. Based on these ideas, we present a measurement method which can be used to energetically profile the relaxation of stress induced oxide defects.”
“Abdominal pregnancy is an uncommon but life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy. It is associated with high maternal/fetal morbidity and mortality.

3625259]”
“Crossbred heifers (n = 373; 421.6 kg +/- 28.9) Fer-1 were fed finishing diets containing 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16% crude glycerin (DM basis). Diets consisted

of steam-flaked corn with 6% alfalfa hay and 1.2% urea and provided 300 mg of monensin, 90 mg of tylosin, and 0.5 mg of melengestrol acetate per animal daily. Cattle were stratified by BW and allocated randomly, within strata, to concrete-surfaced feedlot pens each containing 6 to 7 heifers, with 9 pens per dietary treatment. Cattle were transitioned from the control diet to diets containing increasing proportions of glycerin over a period of 10 d. Cattle had ad libitum access to feed, and diets were delivered once daily throughout the 85-d trial period. As the concentration of glycerin increased, DMI decreased linearly (P < 0.001). Heifers fed 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16% glycerin had ADG of 1.19, 1.34, 1.29, 1.25, check details 1.17, and 1.03 kg, respectively (linear, P = 0.013; quadratic, P = 0.010). Feeding glycerin had a quadratic effect on G: F, and G: F was optimal when glycerin was fed at 2% of the diet (quadratic, P = 0.046). Glycerin increased the final BW by 12.7, 8.1, and 5.3 kg when fed at 2, 4, and 8% of the diet, respectively, but reduced the final BW by 1.9 and 14.3 kg when included at 12 and 16% of the diet (linear, P = 0.009; quadratic, P = 0.006). Similarly, HCW increased by 8.1, 5.1, and 3.3 kg when glycerin was fed at 2, 4, and 8% of the diet,

respectively, but were 1.2 and 9.1 kg less than controls when glycerin was fed at 12 and 16%, respectively (linear, P = 0.009; quadratic, P = 0.006). Longissimus muscle area decreased linearly as glycerin concentrations increased (P < 0.013). Feeding glycerin resulted in linear decreases in subcutaneous fat over the 12th rib and marbling scores (P = 0.045). Glycerin tended to decrease the percentage of cattle grading USDA Choice (P = 0.084) and increase the percentage of cattle grading USDA Select. Adding glycerin to cattle-finishing diets improved BW gain drug discovery and feed efficiency, particularly when added at concentrations of 8% or less on a DM basis.”
“During germination in distilled water (dH(2)O) on a horizontally positioned Petri dish, emerging primary roots of grass pea (Lathyrus

sativus L) grew perpendicular to the bottom of the Petri dish, due to grayitropism. However, when germinated in exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the primary roots grew parallel to the bottom of the Petri dish and asymmetrically, forming a horizontal curvature. Time-course experiments showed that the effect was strongest when H2O2 was applied prior to the emergence of the primary root. H2O2 failed to induce root curvature when applied post-germination. Dosage studies revealed that the frequency of primary root curvature was significantly enhanced with increased H2O2 concentrations. This curvature could be directly counteracted by dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a scavenger of H2O2, but not by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and pyridine, inhibitors of H2O2 production.

RESULT: The adsorption of nickel onto microwave-irradiated rice husk (MIRH) was found to be better than that of the raw rice husk (RRH). The kinetics of the adsorption of Ni(II) from aqueous solution onto MIRH was found to follow a pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters HKI-272 solubility dmso such as standard Gibbs free energy (Delta G degrees), standard enthalpy (Delta H degrees), and standard entropy (Delta S degrees) were also evaluated. The thermodynamics of Ni(II) adsorption onto MIRH indicates

that it is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the design parameters for the present process.

CONCLUSION: Microwave-irradiated rice husk was found to be a suitable adsorbent for the removal of nickel(II)) ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity of the rice husk was found to be 1.17 mg g(-1). The optimized parameters for the current process were found as follows: adsorbent loading 2.8 g (100 mL)(-1); Initial adsorbate concentration 6 mg L(-1); adsorption time 210 min.; and adsorption temperature 35 degrees C. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Systemic rotavirus infection, such as rotavirus antigenemia, has been found in immunocompetent Rabusertib rotavirus gastroenteritis patients. However,

the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in immunocompromised transplant recipients remains unclear. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure rotavirus antigen levels in serially collected serum samples obtained from 62 pediatric patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Rotavirus antigen was detected in 43 (6.8%) of 633 serum samples (8 of 62 patients). The duration of rotavirus antigenemia ranged between 1 and 10 weeks, and diarrhea was concurrent with rotavirus antigenemia in Cases 3, 6, 7, and 8. The level of viral antigen in the transplant recipients (0.19 Proteasome inhibition +/- 0.20) was significantly lower than that observed in serum samples collected from immunocompetent

patients on either day 1 (0.49 +/- 0.18, P = 0.0011) or day 3 (0.63 +/- 0.09, P = 0.0005). A patient who received a graft from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donor was at significant risk for rotavirus antigenemia (P = 0.024; odds ratio = 9.44) in comparison to patients who received grafts from HLA-matched donors. Although the duration of antigenemia was clearly longer in HSCT patients than in immunocompetent rotavirus gastroenteritis patients, the levels of viral antigen were not as high. Therefore, mismatched HLA may be a risk factor for rotavirus antigenemia after HSCT.”
“Contents The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between hormonal changes that occur during oestrus and biomarkers related with glucose metabolism (glucose and insulin), lipid metabolism (lipidic profile and BChE) and adipokines (adiponectin and ghrelin) in healthy bitches.

Methadone is increasingly being

used for pain management, and buprenorphine use has expanded to include treatment for opioid addiction, leading buy YM155 to exposures of these drugs in new populations. There is a debate about the relative safety of these two drugs in routine outpatient medical use.

Methods.

Data from the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS (R)) System Programs were used to analyze rates of abuse, misuse, and diversion using the Drug Diversion, Key Informant, Poison Center and Opioid Treatment Programs, 2003-2007. National rate and rate ratios were calculated using population and person-time exposed denominators. Detailed data are presented on severity of medical outcome and drug formulations.

Results.

Between 2003 and 2007, there were steady increases

in the rates of abuse, misuse, and diversion of both methadone and buprenorphine. Rate ratios (per 100,000 population per quarter) of abuse, misuse, and diversion were consistently higher for methadone than buprenorphine. RADARS System poison centers received 7,476 calls for methadone and 1,117 calls for buprenorphine. After accounting for availability, there were higher rates of calls for methadone misuse, Acalabrutinib molecular weight abuse, and diversion than buprenorphine in three of the four programs. The numbers of exposures requiring medical attention correspond to 46.8% and 25.8% of all calls, for methadone and buprenorphine, respectively. The most commonly diverted form of methadone was solid oral tablets (which

are typically dispensed at pharmacies, not at opioid treatment programs), comprising 73% of cases.

Conclusions.

Buprenorphine appears to have a better safety profile than methadone during routine outpatient medical use. However, both medications have roles in the treatment of pain and opioid addiction, and further research into their respective benefits and risks should be conducted.”
“Generic drugs have been used extensively in many developed countries, although their use in Japan has been limited. Generic drugs reduce drug expenses and thereby national medical expenditure. www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html Because generic drugs provide advantages for both public administration and consumers, it is expected that they will be more widely used in the future. However, the diffusion rate of generic drugs in Japan is quite low compared with that of other developed countries. An investigation on generic drugs conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan revealed that 17.2 % of doctors and 37.2 % of patients had not used generic drugs. The major reasons for this low use rate included distrust of off-patent products and lower drug price margin compared with the brand name drug. The generic drugs available in the market include external drugs such as wet packs, antihypertensive agents, analgesics, anticancer drugs, and antibiotics.

The methodology was based on a modified biotin-capture method. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the pest. The allele number per locus varied from 2 to 3 (N = 30). The expected and observed heterozygosities of the eight loci ranged from 0.042 to 0.509 and from 0.042 to 0.963, respectively. Although the frequency of polymorphisms was not very high in this population, the microsatellite loci that were isolated will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity and migration routes of B. longissima populations.”
“Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine (ticlopidine or clopidogrel)

has strikingly improved the results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through a marked reduction www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html in the rate of stent thrombosis (ST). Emerging data suggest that resistance to antiplatelet treatment may be a risk factor for ST. We report about a patient, aspirin and clopidogrel poor responder, who experienced

4 ST in 10 days. After the second ST, during antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (100 mg/die) and clopidogrel (75 mg/die), the patient’s platelet function was investigated with Platelet Function Analyzer Selleck MI-503 100, VerifyNow P2Y12 System and light transmission aggregometry (LTA). High platelet reactivity and combined resistance to aspirin and clopidogrel were found, and, as a consequence, treatment was switched to clopidogrel 150 mg and aspirin 300 mg/die. In spite of this adjustment, the third ST occurred. Poor responsiveness to aspirin and clopidogrel was still confirmed. Because

of combined clopidogrel and aspirin resistance and to unsuccessful PCI treatment, a single coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was planned. Awaiting surgery, 3 days later, the fourth ST occurred. It is angiographically confirmed and thus, CABG was performed. After CABG, in chronic treatment with aspirin (300 mg/die) and ticlopidine (500 mg/die), no bleeding complications occurred and the patient did not experience recurrent ischemia (2 years selleck chemical follow-up). A better platelet inhibition by ticlopidine than that obtained by clopidogrel was observed. Our case report remarks the importance to identify these poor responder patients as the treatment can be tailored with alternative therapeutic options (ticlopidine, prasugrel, warfarin) and/or different revascularization strategies (CABG).”
“Chitosan microspheres as drug delivery system have attained importance and attracted the attention of researchers in last few years. This study was aimed toward the elucidation of the effect of viscosity of external oil phase on the properties of microspheres prepared by emulsification method. Chitosan microspheres were prepared utilizing oil phase of different viscosity viz. castor oil, heavy liquid paraffin, light liquid paraffin and mixture of light paraffin, and petroleum ether (1:1 v/v ratio). Microspheres prepared in highly viscous castor oil exhibited an average size of 11.52 +/- 0.

In the Hodgkin-Huxley model of the squid axon, optimizing the kinetics or number of Na(+) and K(+) channels can whittle down the number of ATP molecules needed for each AP by a factor of four. In contrast to the squid AP, the temporal profile of the currents underlying APs of some mammalian neurons are nearly perfectly matched to the optimized properties of ionic conductances so as to minimize the ATP cost.”
“The objective of the present work is to evaluate the efficacy of a DNA barcoding approach as a tool for the recognition of commercial kitchen spices belonging to the Lamiaceae family that are usually sold as enhancers of food

flavor. A total of 64 spices samples, encompassing six different genera (i.e. Mentha, Ocimum, Origanum, Salvia, Thymus and Rosmarinus) were processed with a classical DNA barcoding approach by amplifying and sequencing four candidate barcode regions (rpoB, rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA) with universal primers. Results Napabucasin chemical structure suggest that the non-coding trnH-psbA intergenic

spacer is the most suitable marker for molecular spices identification followed by matK, with interspecific genetic distance values ranging between about 0% to 7% and 0% to 5%, respectively. Stem Cell Compound Library screening Both markers were almost invariably able to distinguish spices species from closest taxa with the exclusion of samples belonging to the genus Oregano. Moreover, in a context of food traceability the two markers are useful to identify commercial processed spice species (sold as dried plant material). We also evaluated the potential benefits of a multilocus barcode approach over a single-marker and although the most suitable combination was the matK + trhH-psbA, the observed genetic distances values were very similar to the discriminatory performance of the trnH-psbA. Finally, this preliminary work provide clear evidences that the efficacy of a DNA barcoding approach to the recognition of commercial spices is biased by the occurrence of taxonomic

CX-6258 JAK/STAT inhibitor criticisms as well as traces of hybridization events within the family Lamiaceae. For this reason, to better define a more practical and standardized DNA barcoding tool for spices traceability, the building of a dedicated aromatic plants database in which all species and cultivars are described (both morphologically and molecularly) is strongly required. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Two types of supramolecular carbon nanostructures, carbon nanospheres (CNS) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, (MWCNTs) are investigated for their potential as nanofillers in the bioplastic polylactide (PLA). Modification of the surfaces of both carbon nanostructures by covalent attachment of dodecylamine is accomplished and the effects of this compatibilizing functionality are explored. Crystallization kinetics, thermal properties, and mechanical properties are investigated. Addition of a small amount of carbon to the PLA increases the thermal stability by as much as 20-30 degrees C.

5-2.0 in another 6 studies. 3 studies did not find a relevant association (OR: 1.0-1.4). A significant positive association between occupational UV exposure and BCC was reported in 5 studies; 11 studies did not find MI-503 a significant association.

Conclusions: The association between occupational UV exposure and SCC is well and consistently documented epidemiologically (approximately 2-fold increased risk), so that the criteria for a new occupational disease are fulfilled. The association with BCC is unclear due to significant methodological limitations in the published studies.”
“Extracellular beta-D-glucosidase was isolated in a homogeneous state from the Penicillium canescens marine fungus. According to SDS-electrophoresis,

the molecular weight of the enzyme was 64 Selleckchem VX 770 kDa and the maximal activity was observed at pH 5.2 and 70A degrees C. Glucosidase catalyzed the hydrolysis of beta-glycosidic bonds both in glycosides and in glucose disaccharides and had transglycosylation activity. The enzyme can be used for the deglycosylation of natural glycosides and in enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds.”
“Background: Dermatitis

herpetiformis is a chronic severely pruritic dermatosis. It is a cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease. The aim of our study was to collect clinical, histological and immunopathological data on patients who were treated in the University Departments of Dermatology in Wurzburg and Lubeck from 1996 to 2008.

Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 32

patients. Only patients with positive findings on direct immunofluorescence microscopy were included in this study.

Results: All patients demonstrated skin lesions in the predilection areas of knees, elbows, gluteal region and scalp. The male to female ratio was 1.5 : 1 and the average age was 43 years. The interval between the first symptoms and diagnosis ranged from 6 weeks to 20 years. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy showed that granular IgA deposits were more often found continuously along the dermal-epidermal junction rather than focally in the tips of the dermal papillae. Results of small intestinal biopsies were available from 29 patients and confirmed the presence LY2606368 of celiac disease in all cases. None of the patients reported gastrointestinal symptoms. IgA antibodies against tissue transglutaminase and epidermal transglutaminase were found in 88 % and 94 % of patient sera, respectively.

Conclusions: The detection of IgA autoantibodies against epidermal transglutaminase is the most sensitive serological test in the diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis. Our observations confirm that patients with dermatitis herpetiformis usually do not demonstrate apparent gastrointestinal symptoms.”
“Strain improvement was carried out to obtain higher chitinase and protein by inter-specific protoplast fusion between Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride.

These results suggest that nonverbal children have specifically impaired imitation and pointing skills.”
“The review aims to discuss current concepts in advance care planning (ACP) for patients with COPD, and to check details provide a narrative review of recent trends in ACP and end-of-life care for patients with COPD. ACP, which involves patientclinician communication about end-of-life care, can improve outcomes for patients and their families, and may be especially relevant for patients with COPD. Effective patientclinician

communication is needed to inform and prepare patients about their diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and what dying might be like. It is important for clinicians to understand patients’ values and preferences for life-sustaining treatments

as well for their site BIX01294 of terminal care. Unfortunately, discussions about ACP and end-of-life care in current practice are scarce, and their quality is often poor. ACP can improve outcomes for patients and their relatives. The challenge remains in the practical implementation of ACP in the clinical setting, especially for patients with COPD. ACP should be implemented alongside curative-restorative care for patients with advanced COPD. The disease course of COPD is such that there will rarely be a clear transition point predicting the timing of the

need for initiation of end-of-life care. Future studies should focus on interventions that facilitate concurrent ACP and prepare patients for making in-the-moment decisions, with the goal of improving the quality of end-of-life care.”
“Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban is well known in promoting wound healing and provides significant benefits in skin care and therapeutic products formulation. Glycolic acid and vitamins also play a role SBE-β-CD manufacturer in the enhancement of collagen and fibronectin synthesis. Here, we evaluate the specific effect of Centella asiatica (CA), vitamins, glycolic acid and their mixture preparations to stimulate collagen and fibronectin synthesis in cultured human fibroblast cells. The fibroblast cells are incubated with CA, glycolic acid, vitamins and their mixture preparations for 48 h. The cell lysates were analyzed for protein content and collagen synthesis by direct binding enzyme immunoassay. The fibronectin of the cultured supernatant was measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that CA, glycolic acid, vitamins A, E and C significantly stimulate collagen and fibronectin synthesis in the fibroblast. Addition of glycolic acid and vitamins to CA further increased the levels of collagen and fibronectin synthesis to 8.55 and 23.75 mu g/100 mu g, respectively.

The 810-nm diode laser showed the following results: after 60 s of irradiation with 2 W of continuous mode the temperature gradient in the cervical area of the implant (a dagger Tc) was 37.2A degrees C, while in the apical area (a dagger Ta) was 27.2A degrees C. The 980-nm diode laser showed the following results: after 60 s of irradiation with 2 W continuous mode a dagger Tc was 41.1A degrees C, and a dagger Ta was 30.6A degrees C. The 810-nm diode laser with 2 W continuous mode generated a temperature increase Semaxanib of

10A degrees C after only 14 s. The 980-nm diode lasers groups produced a much more rapid temperature increase. In only 12 s, the continuous wave of 980 nm reached the 10A degrees C temperature rise. From the present in vitro study it was concluded that the irradiation of implant surfaces with diode lasers may produce a temperature increase above the critical threshold (10A degrees C ) after only 10 s.”
“Acute kidney injury (AKI)

may result from ischemia or by the use of nephrotoxic agents. The incidence of AKI is variable, depends on comorbidities, and ranges from 5 to 35% in all hospitalized patients. The mechanisms of kidney injury exist within a large network of signaling pathways driven by interplay of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, selleck compound reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptotic factors. The effects and progression of injury overlap extensively with the remarkable ability of the kidney to repair itself both by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that involve specific cell receptors/ligands as well as possible paracrine influences. The fact that kidney injury is usually part of a generalized

comorbid condition makes it all the more challenging in terms of assessment buy EPZ5676 of severity. In this review, we attempt to analyze the mechanisms of ischemic injury and repair in acute and chronic kidney disease from the perspectives of both preclinical and human studies. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 606-618 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.133″
“To assess and monitor the common event of neurosensory disturbance to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, we used clinical sensory tests and neurophysiologic test sensory action potentials. The diagnostic value of these tests was evaluated by comparing them with the degree of nerve damage reported by patients. Fourteen patients undergoing bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were analyzed preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. Patients were evaluated bilaterally for positive and negative symptoms: light touch sensation, paraesthesia, hyperesthesia, and dysaesthesia; a “”sensation score” was then calculated for each patient.