1G–I. Enhanced ALP staining was anticipated, but not

verified, in the OVX group. ALP expression, while expressed consistently seen throughout osteoblastic differentiation, has been demonstrated to be condition sine qua non for mineralization as demonstrated in ALP knockout mice [34]. OVX animals suffer from accelerated bone turnover, showing stimulated osteoclastic bone resorption and reactive osteoblastic bone formation with a net result of bone loss. Even though eldecalcitol activates mature osteoblasts and induces minimodeling, the activated osteoclastic status in OVX animals may conceal any surplus in bone formation. Osteoblasts may compensate for the abnormal bone destruction by frantically synthesizing osteoid, www.selleckchem.com/products/blu9931.html while mineralization seems to be slowed down. After ovariectomy, Parameters that refer to non-mineralized bone matrix such as osteoid surface and mineralizing surface show two- and three-fold increases, respectively, when compared to Sham animals. Osteoblasts in the OVX group, therefore, may not show enhanced expression of ALP because their main function, in a scenario of untamed bone destruction, is rapid bone matrix synthesis, not its mineralization. The histological picture seen after eldecalcitol treatment is quite different from the one obtained with an intermittent PTH regimen, in which we

showed the clear proliferative and osteoblastic activation effects of that hormone [35]. Alternatively, Okuda et al. [23] have shown that ED-71, the former denomination of eldecalcitol, was capable of promoting enhancement of ALP activity and bone nodule formation in bone marrow cells in vitro,

where the influence Ferroptosis inhibitor of osteoclastic Protein kinase N1 bone resorption does not exist. Under our experimental circumstances, it seems that eldecalcitol drives osteoblastic differentiation in vivo with consequent bone minimodeling without noticeable differences in the pattern of ALP staining. The histological data in this study unveiled the consistent presence of a rather particular type of bone formation after eldecalcitol treatment: bone minimodeling. Minimodeling is termed so because magnification is needed to visualize it [36], and it basically consists of bone formation not preceded by osteoclastic bone resorption with cement lines that are typically smooth [37]. Minimodeling in bone has been reported after treatment with bone anabolic agents like PTH [38] and prostaglandin E2[39]. It has been hypothesized that the mechanism guiding minimodeling-based bone formation is the resumption of osteoblastic activity of bone lining cells [40]. In our histological samples, we did observe a dominant presence of plump osteoblasts compared to that of resting bone lining cells in eldecalcitol-treated specimens (Figs. 2C–D). The absence of numerical data regarding the amount of minimodeling-based bone formation and the number of active osteoblasts as opposed to bone lining cells are limitations of this study.

, 2004). The egg count

data of the no-choice bioassay were assessed using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with binomial error distribution and log-link function to compare the ovipositing and non-ovipositing females (1/0), and a GLMM with Poisson error distribution and log-link function was used to evaluate the egg count data with the treatment as fixed factor. In a second Poisson GLMM model, the egg counts in the no-choice Z VAD FMK bioassays were evaluated with the incidence of mycosed females (infected/non-infected) and their longevity (up to 14 day s) as fixed factors. The number of eggs laid in the dual-choice bioassays of host and host patch quality were analyzed using a binomial GLMM for proportions. The Linear Mixed Effects “lme4” package was used to perform all GLMM including block as random effect. Data overdispersion was checked in all the models, but all values were below 2. Both fungal isolates were pathogenic to D. radicum larvae and T. rapae adults and increasing fungal concentrations resulted in an increase in mortality ( Table 1). For D. radicum larvae exposed to M. brunneum or B. bassiana, buy Roxadustat the LC50 values were 2.44 × 106 and 1.08 × 107 conidia ml−1 while the LC90 values were 7.54 × 107 and 4.84 × 108 conidia ml−1, respectively. Inoculation of adult T. rapae with M. brunneum or B. bassiana resulted in LC50 values of 1.57 × 107

and 1.83 × 107 conidia ml−1 and LC90 values of 1.78 × 108 and 2.42 × 108 conidia ml−1, respectively ( Table 1). In the Cox model for survival of D. radicum larvae treated with different fungal concentrations no statistically significant differences were observed between the blocks, neither for M. brunneum nor B. bassiana ( Table 2). The concentrations of both fungal species had effects

on larval survival. With the concentration 1 × 106 conidia ml−1 as the Cox model baseline, there were significant differences compared to the concentrations 1 × 108 and 1 × 109 conidia ml−1 for both fungi ( Table 2). The hazard ratios (HR) increased with increasing fungal concentration while the MST of D. radicum decreased with increasing fungal concentrations Pregnenolone ( Table 2). At the highest concentration (1 × 109 conidia ml−1) the MST was 4 days for M. brunneum compared to 5 days for B. bassiana. Survival of T. rapae adults treated with different concentration of M. brunneum was not affected by experimental blocks or sex of parasitoids while there was a significant effect of fungal concentration ( Table 3). All concentrations were significant different from 1 × 105 conidia ml−1 as the Cox model baseline ( Table 3). For B. bassiana, no differences were observed between the blocks, but there was a significant difference between males and females ( Table 3). The life span over all fungal concentrations was (mean ± SD) for females 8.8 ± 2.5 days and for males 8.1 ± 2.7 days.

Transl Res 2011:157;285-29. In our May 2011 publication in Translational Research, one author’s name was misspelled.

The name appeared as Giovanni L. Volti and should appear as Giovanni Li Volti. “
“We wish to acknowledge the outstanding contribution of our reviewers and Editorial Advisory Board. The quality and breadth of the Journal is only made possible by the dedicated efforts of our reviewers. Rajiv Agarwal Nita Ahuja Jeffrey Anderson Hossein Ardehali Muhammad Ashraf Yoshimasa Aso John P. Atkinson Desmond Bannon Pratima Bansal-Pakala Jana Barlic P Bartels David Beer A Bellomo Mara Benfato Lars Berglund S Bertolini Bruce Selleck UMI-77 Binstadt Konstantin Birukov Markus Bitzer Robert Blank George Bray Bradley E. Britigan Ronald Buckanovich Eduard Cabre Ivan Cakulev Selleck KPT-330 C Caruso Yih-Hsin Chang Edgar Charles Maria Cid Denis Clohisy Robert Colbert Roderic Cole Diane W. Cox Susanna Cunningham-Rundles Yvonne Datta

Michael Davidson Nicholas Davidson Cyrus Desouza L Diaz-Flores Nicholas Donato Konstantin Dragnev Michael Dubick Steven Dudek Nickolai Dulin Dennis Dykstra Richard Effros Zeyad El-Akawi Alireza Esteghamati Emmanuel Favaloro Augusto Federici Michel Feletou Steven Fisher David Fisher Clara Fonticelli Gary S. Francis Michael Ganter Puneet Garg Uttam Garg Luciano Gattinoni Lois J. Geist Jian-Guo Geng Fernanda Giachini David Goldfarb J.M. Gomez Saez Stevan Gonzalez Stephen Gordon Nancy Green Joanna Groden Johan Groeneveld Rajiv Gulati Erik Gunderson Zhiguang Guo Amy Guralnick Helena Gylling H Haase Nagy Habib David Hains Frederick Hamel Tayyaba Hassan Derek Hausenloy Norah Henry Brian D. Hoit Benjamin Horne Colin Howden Sheau-Yu Hsu Yu Huang Zheng Huang Yan Huang Gary W. Hunninghake Richard Hurwitz Maha Hussain HG Ijntema T Imaizumi Todd Ing Allan Jaffe Andrzej Jakubowiak Hieronim Jakubowski Edward N. Janoff Duncan Johnstone Clinton Joiner Teresa Jones Joseph Jozic Ravi Kalhan Nancy Kanagy Robert Kane Mariana Kaplan Jerry Katzmann Richard Klein Ralf Kohler Sean Koppe Kevin Korenblat Takatoshi Koyama Robert Kratzke Matthias Kretzler Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Jerry

Krishnan Noy Krithidech Wolfgang Kuebler Periannan Kuppusamy James Lane Won Lee Jane Leopold Seth Lerner Edward Lesnefsky Michael D. Levitt Li-Fu Li Stephen B. Liggett Wan-Wan Lin Zhiping Liu Dakai Liu Anna Lok Dwight Look Manuel Lopez-Cabrera Attilio Losito Philippe Lysy Teri Manolio Donald Marger Ali Marian Cary N. Mariash Clay Marsh James Martins Koji Matsuo Pascale Mazzola-Pomietto Keith McCrae Tim McMahon Sofia D. Merajver Tetsuo Minamino Salvatore Minisola Yohei Miyagi Peter Mundel Moon Nahm Viswanathan Natarajan Ted Naureckas Manuela Neuman Timothy Niewold Mark Noble Fabian Norry Brandon Oberlin Carl Orringer Ralph J. Panos Subramaniam Pennathur Marc Peters-Golden Elizabeth Petty Michael Pfaller Kenneth Pienta Steven Pipe David S. Pisetsky Ananda S. Prasad Daniel J.

Cooking time is one of the traits evaluated by many breeding programs, and the Mattson Bean Cooker is the recommended equipment for measuring this variable (Proctor & Watts, 1987). In a standard Mattson analysis, soaked grains are positioned in each of the saddles of the rack so that the tip of each plunger is in contact with the surface of the grain. During the cooking test the lower portion of the cooker rack is immersed in a boiling water bath. When the grain becomes sufficiently tender, the plunger penetrates the grain and drops a short distance through the hole in the saddle. The time

Venetoclax molecular weight at which a plunger drops is recorded manually (Wang & Daun, 2005). Instrumental texture analysis has been increasingly applied to assess the hardening of beans (Nasar-Abbas et al., 2008; Saha, Singh, Mahajan, & Gupta, 2009; Yousif, Deeth, Caffin, & Lisle, 2002), due to its characteristic of fast and practical execution, which enable its use to evaluate large number of genotypes in breeding program. However, the lack of standardization of sample preparation for this

type of analysis has resulted in quite divergent reports in the literature, making it difficult to compare the results. When the bean breeding program evaluates the grain resistance to cooking, it is necessary to adopt LDN-193189 purchase a method that is useful for distinguishing the differences in germplasm, conferring

high experimental accuracy and being representative of the cooking pattern that usually is achieved by consumers (Ribeiro, Cargnelutti Filho, Poersch, & Rosa, 2007). In this sense, more efficient and cost-effective methods of preparing and evaluating beans cooking quality would encourage the adoption of grain quality improvement as a focus of breeding programs and facilitate development of common beans’ cultivars with Adenosine triphosphate improved grain quality (Yeung et al., 2009). This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different practices for cooking fresh crop and aged dry beans on hardness and also to propose a procedure to prepare bean for instrumental texture analysis. Carioca beans (P. vulgaris L., cv Pérola) were provided by Embrapa Rice and Beans (Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil). The material was grown in two seasons at the same location (Capivara’s Farm, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil). The first crop was harvested at the end of June 2011 and the second one at the beginning of October 2011. After harvest samples were naturally dried and sorted by hand to remove extremely small beans and those with defective seed coat or excessively dirty surfaces. Then each crop of carioca beans were packaged in polyethylene bags with a capacity of about 2 kg until the analysis.

In the second study, GSTP1 overexpression was observed in the synaptosomal fraction of PD cases and was suggested to protect cells against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity via oxidative and ER stress attenuation in a PD cell model [152]. Three other studies by Choi et al. proved useful for elucidating some of the PTMs associated

with PD. Using 2-DE, they demonstrated oxidation in multiple proteins previously linked to PD, including the chaperone DJ-1, superoxide dismutase Cu/Zn, as well as the de-ubiquitinating Carfilzomib concentration protein UCH-L1 in the frontal cortex of PD patients compared to controls [238], [239] and [240]. Recently, van Dijk et al. performed a proteomic analysis of the locus ceruleus, one of the earliest affected brain regions in PD [241]. By comparing PD patients (n = 6) versus controls (n = 6) with a label free approach, they identified 2′ 495 proteins of which 87 were differentially expressed between groups. In particular, a pathogenic role for aminoacyl-tRNA-biosynthesis was highlighted. Overall, these proteomics studies were successful in confirming existing theories about PD pathogenesis (Fig. 3). The majority of the differential proteins were indeed implicated in this website mitochondrial dysfunction, energy metabolism

impairment, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, cytoskeleton impairment, or inflammation. Whereas some of the observed protein alterations were previously associated to PD pathogenesis (i.e., ferritin), others were novel candidates such as CNDP2, mortalin, regucalcin, or seipin. Curiously, α-SYN overexpression did generally not show up significantly in these studies [196], [232] and [241]. The most probable explanation comes from the fact that in a tissue-based approach, the overexpression of synaptic α-SYN in surviving DA neuronal PD cells may be compensated by the higher number of healthy neuronal cells in control patients. These studies also suggested some less conventional

pathways such as defects in protein translation, ER stress, blood brain barrier or extracellular matrix abnormalities (Fig. 3). Of note, it was Mirabegron sometimes unclear whether the observed protein changes were a cause or a consequence of the neurodegenerative process. In tissue-based approach, the decrease in neuronal protein levels may simply reflect PD associated neuronal loss. Further biological evaluation of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these protein alterations may provide new therapeutic targets for PD. During the past 10 years, only a small number of human tissue based proteomics studies have been published due to limitations in their availability, number, quality and complexity. In the context of a worldwide decline in autopsy rate, some of these issues can be partially overcome through a facilitated access to existing brain banks which ensure the collection of well characterized and preserved brain tissues.

The inhibitive power of ascorbic acid was above 95% of radical at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, whereas at the same concentration, the other extracts failed to inhibit 50% of the free radical (Fig. 2). Ascorbic acid reached steady state in less than 1 min (Fig. 2a), whereas the ferulic acid solution reached steady state in a shorter time (Fig. 2b) than solutions of rice bran (Fig. 2c) and fermented bran extracts (Fig. 2d), thus indicating that

the mixture of phenolics in these extracts slowed down inhibition. The concentration of antioxidant required to reduce the initial concentration of DPPH by 50% (EC50) is the most commonly used parameter Cobimetinib to measure the antioxidant properties of a substance (Rufino et al., 2009); the lower the EC50 value, the higher its antioxidant power. Although the phenolic extract of fermented rice bran presented a lower antioxidant power (Table 3), it showed an EC50 value close to the values of ferulic acid and unfermented rice bran solutions. The EC50 values of these extracts were lower than Decitabine molecular weight the values found for cardamom and onion extracts (Mariutti, Barreto, Bragagnolo, & Mercadante,

2008) and white rice bran obtained from different cultivars (Muntana & Prasong, 2010). The ascorbic acid solution showed an EC50 value about 2.5 times lower than the other antioxidant solutions. But the EC50 value does not take into consideration the time to reach steady state of the inhibition reaction. According to the kinetic

classification based on the time needed to reach the EC50 value (Sánchez-Moreno et selleck products al., 1998; Brand-Wiliams et al., 1995), ascorbic acid exhibited a fast antioxidant action, whereas ferulic acid and rice bran (fermented and unfermented) solutions displayed intermediate and slow actions, respectively (Table 2). Another kinetic classification of antioxidant solutions which takes into account the concentration and EC50 time, called antiradical efficiency (AE), indicates that while the ascorbic acid solution demonstrated very fast AE, the other solutions exhibited a low AE (Table 2), and the fermented and unfermented rice bran solutions displayed lower efficiency than the ferulic acid solution, caused by the presence of other phenolic compounds of slow AE contained in these extracts. The lower AE of fermented rice bran extract compared to rice bran can be compensated by increasing phenolic content in the fermentation (Fig. 1). The efficiency of phenolic compounds as antioxidants depends largely on their chemical structures, relative orientation and number of hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic ring (Sánchez-Moreno et al., 1998).

Although we did not detect down regulation of pRb expression,

our data show a significant decrease in E2F1 expression under all tested conditions, suggesting that the inhibition of proliferation we observed could be partially related to this pathway. In some cases, the modulation of the expression of genes of interest caused by unmodified EGCG was more pronounced than that achieved by the biotransformed compound; however, cell culture assays often ignore the bioavailability of the compounds in vivo. The literature shows that the systemic bioavailability of EGCG is a limiting factor for its effectiveness in cancer chemoprevention in internal organs ( Yang & Wang, 2011). Orally ingested EGCG has limited systemic bioavailability, with most of it passing through the colon; and the absorbed EGCG is excreted mostly through the bile into the intestine ( Yang & Wang, 2011). NVP-BGJ398 order Studies have shown that the serum levels of EGCG, EGC, ECG, and EC in rats 8 h after oral administration of green tea were 0.061, 0.440,

0.018 and 2.6 μM, respectively, demonstrating that the hydrolysed forms of EGCG are more efficiently absorbed and present at higher concentrations in the serum ( Lubet et al., 2007). Based on these findings, although biotransformed EGCG causes less up-regulation of apoptosis-related genes in vitro than unmodified EGCG, the biotransformed compound may be more effective in vivo. Here, we have shown that the biotransformation of green tea extract and EGCG did not alter the beneficial properties of the original compounds buy Tenofovir (low genotoxicity, antiproliferative activity, and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes) and improved their bioavailability. The biotransformation of both green tea extract and EGCG significantly increased their antioxidant potential,

as shown by the ORAC and DPPH assays. ORAC assays demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity of green Forskolin tea extract increased by 55% after enzymatic treatment, and that of EGCG increased by 46%. MTT and SRB assays demonstrated that biotransformation did not render the compounds cytotoxic; instead, biotransformation reduced the toxicity of the EGCG sample without altering its antiproliferative effects on the HT29 and PG100 cell lines. Furthermore, biotransformation increased the anti proliferative capacity of the green tea extract. In relation to apoptosis and cell cycle control, our data showed that either native and biotransformed green tea and/or EGCG up regulated the expression of APAF1, CASP8, CDKN1A and FAS; on the other hand we observed a down regulation of CDK2 and 4, bcl2, bcl2L1, E2F1, and c-myc. Importantly, this study has demonstrated the usefulness of the nutrigenomics perspective and tools in evaluating the benefits of biotechnological modifications of natural food molecules. Using this perspective, we have identified methods to improve the nutraceutical potential of one of the most widely consumed beverages – green tea.

For question one, are perceived risks proportional to actual risks, the group pointed out that this depends on who you ask. We need the perspective of true knowledge to have the answer to this question – we don’t know the ‘actual risks’. Despite these questions, the group agreed that perceived risks are higher than actual risks. They pointed out that current EU regulations give disproportional attention to endocrine disrupters when there is no scientific basis for treating endocrine disruption differently from any other toxicological mechanism and no proof of causality for any currently registered pesticide and an endocrine-related effect. For the second

question, the group noted that there are different efforts currently dedicated to endocrine disruption: a scientific effort, a regulatory effort and a risk MLN8237 ic50 assessment

effort. The scientific effort was viewed as proportional to the real health risk as there is a need to elucidate the real risk of endocrine disruption and the risk from endocrine-active pesticides versus the risk from other sources of endocrine disrupters. The regulatory effort applied to endocrine disrupter exposure was viewed as much greater than the real health risk. It was noted that other health problems, i.e., obesity, receive much less regulatory attention despite the general acknowledgement of severe health risks. In risk communication, RG7420 supplier the effort was again seen as greater than the risk with the comment that detection and contamination are not the same. With current methodologies, detection of endocrine-active pesticide residues may be possible even for minute quantities, this does not necessarily imply that the food is contaminated and unsafe. A final point made by this group concerned the need for integrated risk–benefit analysis when considering endocrine disrupting properties of pesticides. The benefits of pesticide use in health e.g., combating mycotoxins and supply e.g., food security and food prices, must be considered against the risks of exposure to endocrine-active

substances in pesticide products. At this workshop, endocrine experts from different sectors presented and discussed some of the most recent scientific findings, possible frameworks for interpretation and potential Phloretin regulatory outcomes of dietary exposure to endocrine active pesticides. Diverse opinions were presented by a broad and opposing range of stakeholders and the workshop was considered scientifically sound. Lively discussion among the NGO representatives, industry scientists and government regulators allowed accusations to be made and for the accused to defend themselves. The progress was the acceptance that we must work together to find the appropriate solutions. There was a general consensus for example, that more research and more focused research is necessary in order to make scientifically-based decisions on the regulation of endocrine-active compounds.

Cruisers worked in teams of three men. The lead man paced distances and navigated with a compass while a second man measured trees standing within one chain (20 m) of the transect center line; the third man recorded tree counts. Diameters were taken with Biltmore sticks or by ocular estimation depending on cruiser’s experience. Trees ⩾91 cm dbh were typically measured with the Biltmore stick. Inventory data were transferred from archived BIA

records (NARA, 1914–1922) to database files. Transects were digitally reconstructed from a BLM PLSS spatial data layer (USGS, 2010) using ESRI’s ArcMap software (release 10). The resultant polygons were linked to inventory records based on the recorded transect location and orientation. Tree density, basal area, diameter

distribution, and percent composition were computed for each transect. Mean dbh of 28 cm was assumed for trees 15–46 cm dbh inventoried from 1914 to 1919. This value selleck screening library was derived from the mean dbh weighted by tree count for the 201,555 trees of between 15–46 cm dbh of the same species recorded after 1919. After 1919, cruisers estimated mean dbh for trees 15–41 cm dbh and recorded trees 41-46 cm dbh in a separate size class. Mean dbh for each size class was used in basal area calculations, e.g., 53 cm dbh was used to calculate basal area for trees in the 50–55 cm dbh class. Mean values and standard deviation MAPK inhibitor were weighted by transect area to accommodate the difference in area represented by an individual inventory record in the two sample periods, 1914–1919 (6.5 ha) and 1920–1922 (1.6 ha). Density of trees larger than 53 cm (21 in.) dbh is used here to characterize dry forests. The presence and abundance of trees >21 in. dbh is used to identify old-growth stands in interim old-growth guides (USFS, 1993). In addition, a 21-in. dbh

limit for tree harvesting was adopted as an interim measure in 1994 to slow harvest of old trees until more appropriate metrics could be identified (USFS, 1994). New metrics for identifying old trees and stands have been developed (Van Pelt, 2008) and are being adopted, but the 21-in. screen is still operational on timber sales in federal dry forests outside Sucrase of the area of the Northwest Forest Plan. In this inventory, trees 50–55 cm dbh were recorded in one size class. For this analysis, half of those trees are assumed to be smaller than 53 cm dbh. Transects were assigned to previously defined habitat types to facilitate comparison of forest conditions along an inferred moisture gradient (from the driest sites where ponderosa pine is the climax species to dry and moist mixed-conifer sites). The use of widely accepted vegetation classifications facilitates communication with managers and stakeholders regarding sites where the results might be relevant. Habitat types identify areas that have comparable environmental and potential vegetative conditions (plant associations).

, 2007 and Carneiro et al., 2009). As B. guianensis is a dioecious species, outcrossing values were very high. However, differences between the multilocus outcrossing rate and single locus outcrossing rate were significantly different from zero (P < 0.05), suggesting the occurrence of bi-parental inbreeding within the population. Significant structure up to 300 m before logging was detected, with the coancestry coefficient

between individuals close to values expected between cousins (0.063). However, after logging the total population (reproductive trees and juveniles) did not show spatial genetic structure, suggesting that logging has this website disrupted it ( Silva et al., 2008). The combination of wind and thrip pollinators of B. guianensis form ’thrip clouds’ that visit neighbouring trees, selleckchem with three pollen donors per mother tree from a narrow geographic range. The non-random crossing of B. guianensis has important implications for conservation and seed collection programmes ( Silva et al., 2008). The Eco-gene simulation model was developed to study silvicultural impacts on temperate forests (Degen et al., 1996) and then adapted to be applied in tropical forest management (Degen et

al., 2003, Degen et al., 2004 and Kanashiro et al., 2002b). Considerable effort was taken to collect the information needed to run the model, and below we present some of the results. Sebben et al. (2008) provided results for the four species, B. guianensis, H. courbaril, M. huberi and S. globulifera, with the model parameterized using empirical

data from field studies in FLONA. Included data were genotypes at microsatellite loci, demography, ecology and growth for each species. Several scenarios, combining two different cutting diameters (45 and 60 cm dbh) and two different cutting cycles (30 and 65 years) as used in Brazil and French Guiana were tested. Logging scenarios were applied for six cutting cycles, and final genetic and demographic data Beta adrenergic receptor kinase were compared to baseline data from corresponding control scenarios. At the end of the simulated period the basal area was strongly reduced under all conditions in B. guianensis, H. courbaril and M. huberi. Symphonia globulifera, however, was able to recover its basal area following logging in two scenarios. Based on these results, a Minimum Cutting Diameter (MCD) of 60 cm diameter at breast height was recommended. Simulations studies for D. odorata and J. copaia were undertaken by Vinson et al. (2013), which confirmed the importance in modelling of considering population density, growth patterns and breeding systems. Results in terms of basal area recovery were consistent with concerns stated by van Gardingen et al. (2006) who evaluated yield regulation options in the region. While the current Brazilian forest management regulations are sustainable for J. copaia, they are not for D. odorata in the long term.