vity of T47D cells to do orubicin, etoposide and camptothecin, sug gesting that the activation of NF B cIAP2 signaling pathway by retinoids in these cells correlates with an increase in apoptosis resistance. On the other hand, in H3396 cells where 9 cis RA induces neither NF B http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Axitinib.html acti vation nor cIAP2 e pression but makes the cells enter a fully apoptotic program, death curves showed that the treatment with 9 cis RA not only induced apoptosis by itself, but also increased in an additive manner the apoptosis in response to TRAIL, etoposide, do orubicin or camptothecin. Note that, 9 cis RA treatment augmented apoptosis mediated by the death receptor pathway in both cell lines. These results reveal that the activation of NF B cIAP2 signaling pathway by reti noids in a given breast cancer cell apparently correlates with the ability of these retinoids to protect cells against chemotherapy induced apoptosis.

We further investigated the effect of 9 cis RA in pre venting etoposide mediated apoptosis in one additional breast cancer cell line, ZR 75 1, where the retinoid upregulates cIAP2 e pression and potentially NF B activation. ZR 75 1 cells responded to 9 cis RA in a similar manner to T47D cells showing a reduction in sensitivity to etoposide upon pretreat ment with 9 cis RA. These results show that the protection against etoposide mediated cell death e erted by 9 cis RA is not restricted to T47D breast cancer cells. cIAP2 is not critically involved in the protection of etoposide induced apoptosis by 9 cis RA Previous reports have shown that e ogenous overe pres sion of cIAP2 can abrogate apoptosis induced by geno to ic anticancer drugs such as etoposide, but not death receptor mediated apoptosis in a NF B null back ground.

We have observed that 9 cis RA protection against etoposide mediated cell death correlates with cIAP2 induced e pression by 9 cis RA in T47D cells. To test whether cIAP2 has a role in this protection, e pression of cIAP2 was suppressed by using transiently e pressed siRNA. Although the cIAP2 siRNA efficiently downregulated both basal and 9 cis RA induced Dacomitinib cIAP2 protein levels when compared to a scrambled siRNA, downregulation of cIAP2 was not sufficient to restore sensitivity to etoposide mediated cell death in 9 cis RA pretreated T47D cells.

To further con firm the above results, we compared the level of activa tion of caspase 3 by western blot, as a measurement of cell death, between find more info T47D cells transfected with a scrambled siRNA and T47D cells transfected with a siRNA against cIAP2. While the levels of cleaved cas pase 3 were induced by etoposide and strikingly abro gated when cells were pretreated with 9 cis RA in scrambled siRNA transfected cells, downregulation of cIAP2 protein level did not restore the levels of cleaved caspase 3 induced by etoposide in the presence of 9 cis RA. This reveals that cIAP2 is not critically involved in the inhibition of etoposide induced apopto sis in 9 cis RA pretreated T47D cells. Over e pression o