This avoided the problems resulting from suboptimal or unreliable denaturation learn more associated with standard PCR methods. The effectiveness of the re-designed gyrB/parE primers

and the production of ssDNA during the PCR step were assessed using DNA extracts of various bacterial species. Figure 1 shows the production of ssDNA and the same or even improved sensitivity for bacteria included in the assay panel. Figure 1 Comparison of the amplification efficacy between the gyrB/parE primer pairs of this study (lanes 1, 3, 5, and 7) and those of Roth et al ., (2004) [4] (lanes Blebbistatin clinical trial 2, 4, 6, and 8). The production of ssDNA during the PCR program are shown with the species of E. faecalis (lane 1 and 2), E. faecium (lane 3 and 4). K. pneumoniae (lane 5 and 6), and N. meningitidis (lane 7 and 8) by gel electrophoresis using a 2% agarose gel containing SYBR® Green II. The ssDNA amplicons of gyrB/parE (200 bp) were detected using the primer pair of this study together

with the dsDNA amplicons of gyrB/parE (300 bp). When designing the microarray probes for A. baumannii, E. faecalis, E. faecium, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, N. meningitidis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and the ABT-888 order selected SDHB CNS species, we used the gyrB and parE sequences of these bacteria together with those of other clinically

relevant bacteria. The sequence alignments were used to maximize the specific hybridization of the consensus sequences of the targeted bacteria, while minimizing the cross-hybridization of sequences of any non-targeted bacteria. Various in silico parameters were used in the design process to assess the accuracy of the oligonucleotide probes. Annealing potential was predicted by calculating the thermodynamic factors, whereas sequence specificity was evaluated by sequence comparisons and homologue searches of the EBI and NCBI databases using the BLAST algorithm. The oligonucleotide probes for the final microarray layout (Table 1) were chosen from a set of oligonucleotide probes tested in the laboratory. Table 1 Oligonucleotide probes included in the final microarray layout.