The computer randomized all participants into either CD-5As or time control conditions (with odds of 0.50 for either group), each of which involved the MG132 DMSO same level of interaction with the computer and took the same approximate amount of time, thus keeping research assistants blind to computer-delivered intervention condition. As a second step in randomization��after participants completed all computer-delivered content��research assistants used a predetermined list of random numbers generated from www.randomization.com (Dallal, 2010) to further randomize half of all participants into the CM condition. This two-step randomization process resulted in random assignment of all participants into one of four unique conditions: CD-5As, CM-Lite, combined, and time control/TAU.

Computer-Delivered Brief Intervention The software platform utilized for this study (described in detail in Ondersma, Chase, Svikis, & Schuster, 2005) features an interactive three-dimensional narrator, clear and relevant graphics, and aural presentation of all content and has received high ratings for ease of use from similar samples of low-income women (Ondersma et al., 2005). Participants used headphones for privacy while working with the computer. The CD-5As condition was designed to be consistent with guidelines outlined by Fiore et al. (2000, 2008), who describe a process involving the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) and��for those who are unwilling to set a quit goal��the 5Rs (with steps involving the highlighting of Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks, and Repetition).

For the ��Advise�� element, participants viewed a 4- to 6-min professionally produced video featuring a male Black Obstetrician and up to three testimonials from women of varying race (all were professional actors). These videos were tailored to participants on (a) reactivity, rated dichotomously (Karno & Longabaugh, 2005; Resnicow et al., 2008); (b) defensiveness with respect to the possible negative effects of smoking during pregnancy; and (c) quit status (not changing her smoking during pregnancy, trying to quit but failing, AV-951 or cutting down). All participants received advice to quit from the Obstetrician, whose advice to quit was direct but who provided an almost exclusively gain-framed message regarding smoking during pregnancy (e.g., describing the potential benefits of quitting rather than the risks of not quitting; Fucito, Latimer, Salovey, & Toll, 2010; McKee et al., 2004; Toll et al., 2007). Following the tailored video ��Advise�� element, the software completed the remaining 5As elements using a combination of narrated graphics, feedback (e.g., regarding money spent on cigarettes), education, and interactive questioning using branching logic and reflective responses (e.g.