No intracellular http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Sorafenib-Tosylate.html inclusions such as polyhydroxybutyrate were detected. Colonies on nutrient agar appear circular and low convex with entire edges, smooth, shining and mucoid, reaching 2mm in diameter after 24h [1]. While the colonies are described as being non-pigmented on nutrient agar by most authors [1,37], the production of a nondiffusible yellow pigment was reported during growth on blood agar [5]. Most strains produce a diffusible dark brown pigment on tyrosine-containing agar [1]. The strains grow at 42��C but not at 5��C [1]. W. virosa is a strictly aerobic chemoorganotroph and is not able to reduce nitrate, nitrite or selenite and does not acidify glucose or other sugars under standard conditions [1,5].

However, under test conditions developed for fastidious organisms such as Neisseria (API NH strips, Biom��rieux), acid is produced from glucose [IDA] as is observed for the phylogenetic neighbors E. brevis and Wautersiella falsenii [16,17]. Cytochrome oxidase, catalase and phosphatase are present [1]. Tolerance to NaCl and pH ranges have not been reported. W. virosa grows on McConkey agar, indicating tolerance to bile salts [1] . On the other hand, KCN (75 mg l-1), cetrimide, colistin [17], and polymyxin [5] are not tolerated and inhibit growth. The species is able to utilize ��-hydroxybutyrate as a substrate and to hydrolyze casein, gelatin and Tween 20 [1,17]. Tryptophan is cleaved to give indole, pyruvate and ammonia when tested with Ehrlich��s reagent, but the reaction can not be detected when Kovacs�� reagent is used [1] . W.

virosa is inert in most traditional biochemical tests [1], it does not utilize glucose as a substrate under standard conditions [16]. W. virosa does not hydrolyze starch, esculin or DNA, and is negative for gluconate oxidation, urease, phenylalanine deaminase, arginine deaminase, arginine dihydrolase, lysine or ornithine decarboxylase, ��-D-galactosidase [1], alkalization of galacturonate [17]. The following enzymes are present as concluded from tests using API ZYM galleries: acid and alkaline phosphatase, lysine arylamidase, aspartate arylamidase, alanine arylamidase and methionine arylamidase [1]. In addition, the following substrates were hydrolyzed in the latter galleries by W.

virosa: naphthol-AS-BI-phosphodiamide, bis-(para-nitrophenyl)-phosphate, glycyl-glycyl-��-naphthylamide hydrobromide, glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-��-naphthylamide, glycyl-L-prolyl-��-naphthylamide, L-leucyl-glycyl-��-naphthylamide, ��-L-glutamyl-��-naphthylamide, and N-carbobenzoxy-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine-��-naphthylamide [1]. W. virosa is susceptible to most ��-lactams, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, Carfilzomib erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim [11]. In contrast, the species is resistant to aminoglycosides [11]. Figure 2 Scanning electron micrograph of W. virosa strain 9751T Table 1 Classification and general features of W. virosa 9751T according to the MIGS recommendations [25].