However, was increased during the trial in the heat. This was an expected effect as when exercising in hot environmental conditions, Tcore rises accordingly. It has been

shown that with an increase in Tcore, (and therefore RE) also increases [42]. Despite this observation, no discernable difference in between Bortezomib in vivo pre- and post-supplementation trials was reported. No other changes in any of the respiratory variables could be observed in the pre- and post-supplementation trials. Similar results have been reported in several other studies using Cr as the hyperhydrating agent [13] as well as during constant load exercise in the study by Easton et al. (2007) where hyperhydration was induced by Cr and Gly [19]. The data from the present study suggest that an increase Selleck CA-4948 in BM of approximately 1.4% (average increase in BM in the present study) has no significant effect on . Whether such an increase in BM would influence running performance remains to be determined. Furthermore, as HR responses reflect those of [43], the finding that HR during exercise was not significantly different between pre- and post-supplementation trials conducted at 10°C is further evidence against any detrimental metabolic effect of the added BM induced by hyperhydration on RE. Conclusions A hyperhydration strategy that combines Cr and Gly supplementation for 7 days increased

BM and TBW and consequently reduced cardiovascular

and thermal strain but did not significantly Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II affect the oxygen cost of running at 60% of at 35°C in trained runners. The finding that a significant increase in BM did not negatively impact on RE of trained runners, supports the use of effective hyperhydration strategies during endurance running when conditions so dictate (i.e., running in hot and humid conditions). Further studies are necessary however to confirm these findings during faster running speeds reflective of true performance. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge Oleg Chepelin, Chao Wang and Andreas Anagnostopoulos for their major contribution in the data collection as well as John Wilson for his technical assistance. References 1. Saunders P, Pyne DB, Telford RD, Hawley JA: Factors affecting running economy in trained distance runners. Sports Med 2004, 34:465–485.PubMedCrossRef 2. Bassett DR Jr, Howley ET: Limiting factors for https://www.selleckchem.com/products/OSI027.html maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000, 32:70–84.PubMedCrossRef 3. Coyle EF: Fluid and fuel intake during exercise. J Sports Sci 2004, 22:39–55.PubMedCrossRef 4. Zouhal H, Groussard C, Minter G, Vincent S, Cretual A, Gratas-Delamarche A, Delamarche P, Noakes TD: Inverse relationship between percentage body weight change and finishing time in 643 forty-two-kilometre marathon runners. Br J Sports Med 2010, 45:1101–5.