For the pre-registration period, from January 2002 to April 2008, click here we accessed the OR information system to retrieve the list of patients who underwent emergent
laparotomy and fulfilled our study criteria. The medical and surgical data of these patients were then reviewed. Fifty patients (survival vs. late death, 39 vs. 11) enrolled for further analysis (Figure 1). Figure 1 Flowchart for the selection of the studied patients. Demographic data, clinical profile, laboratory data, and radiologic reports were all evaluated by two surgical residents and two attending surgeons. Patients’ selleck chemicals identification, mechanism of trauma, initial status
in the ED, initial laboratory data, transfusion volume, status when leaving the ED, injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), surgical conditions, significant ICU interventions, diagnosis, and outcome were all extracted for further analysis. All patients were categorized into 2 groups: the survival group (n = 39) and the late death group (n = 11). Comparisons between these 2 groups were performed first, and significant factors from the univariable analysis were further analyzed in a multivariable analysis. Statistical analysis This analysis used the SPSS statistical software package, version 20.0. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to evaluate numerical variables, and either learn more the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used for nominal data. Logistic regression was used for the multivariable analysis. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results Demographic data and clinical conditions upon ED arrival The demographic data and initial status when the patients arrived at the ED were analyzed and are summarized in Table 1. The initial body temperature, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) less than 8, RTS, initial cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation (CPCR), pH, and base excess (BE) were all noted with statistical significance. In addition, the total numbers of laparotomies were similar between the two groups. Table 1 Demographic data and initial ED condition of patients
Survival (mean±SD, n-=39) Late death (mean±SD, n=11) p Gender (M/F) 30/9 10/1 n.s. Age Cell Penetrating Peptide (y/o) 33.3 ± 4.98 42.8 ± 13.0 n.s. Transfer (Y/N) 27/12 7/4 n.s. Time from accident (min) 162 ± 46.4 136 ± 53.1 n.s. Blunt injury (Y/N) 35/4 9/2 n.s. BT (°C) 36.0 ± 0.41 35.0 ± 0.83 0.017 HR (/min) 111.3 ± 8.52 100.5 ± 25.5 n.s. RR (/min) 21.8 ± 2.44 21.1 ± 4.28 n.s. SBP (mmHg) 90.1 ± 12.0 76.8 ± 28.2 n.s. DBP (mmHg) 57.8 ± 8.68 43.2 ± 20.9 n.s. GCS < =8 (Y/N) 7/32 6/5 0.023 RTS 6.31 ± 0.45 4.89 ± 1.24 0.032 CPCR at ED (Y/N) 0/39 3/8 0.008 Hb (g/dl) 9.98 ± 0.83 9.08 ± 1.90 n.s. pH 7.29 ± 0.03 7.09 ± 0.13 0.004 HCO3 (meq/l) 18.6 ± 1.42 16.6 ± 0.13 n.s. BE (mmol/l) −7.96 ± 1.65 −13.2 ± 4.16 0.026 INR 1.72 ± 0.22 2.21 ± 0.68 n.s. ISS 30.4 ± 4.70 32.1 ± 9.04 n.s.