6). These two lesions were highly suspicious for recurrent disease (Figure 3). Figure 2 PET-CT scan following the initial hemorrhoidectomy showing hypermetabolic FDG uptake in a right inguinal node, suspicious for metastatic disease (arrow). Figure 3 PET-CT done after superficial right groin dissection showing hypermetabolic FDG uptake in the right groin (short arrow) as well as a hypermetabolic soft tissue mass in the left hemipelvis (long arrow). Both were suspicious for recurrent. The patient’s case was discussed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical at tumor board where the recommendation was a right deep inguinal and pelvic lymph node dissection and full thickness resection of the recurrent rectal tumor. A diagnostic

laparoscopy was performed prior to incision

to verify no evidence of intra-abdominal metastatic disease. One surgeon performed an open right deep inguinal node and pelvic node dissection while a second surgeon simultaneously performed a transanal resection of the rectal tumor. A transanal local resection Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical was chosen over a radical abdominoperineal resection (APR) given the lack of data demonstrating a long-term survival advantage with radical resection in this setting. Surgical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical findings showed a 3 cm anterior anorectal mass involving the rectovaginal septum. There was also a 1 cm right anterior satellite tumor within the sphincter muscle itself. This required vaginal wall placation and sphincteroplasty. Pathologic examination revealed a 2.2 cm mucosal melanoma with clear margins and a 1 cm melanoma satellite nodule with tumor cells seen at the inked margin. The enlarged Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical right deep inguinal lymph node was positive for metastatic melanoma. The patient tolerated the surgery well and recovered without complications. Medical oncology Luminespib mouse evaluated the patient again for the possibility of systemic therapy. The tumor was found to be B-Raf mutation negative but CDKN2A truncation mutation positive. The patient was referred to an outside medical oncologist for a second opinion and possible enrollment on a clinical trial. The patient decided to undergo Ipilumumab immunotherapy but was recommended to undergo

adjuvant radiation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical therapy first. She was seen by radiation oncology and a course of hypofractionated Phosphoprotein phosphatase radiation therapy was given. A dose of 48 Gy in 20 fractions was delivered over the course of four weeks using intensity-modulated radiation therapy to spare toxicity to surrounding organs at risk. The entire anal canal and regional lymph nodes, including internal and external iliacs, presacral, and inguinal nodes, were treated as the target volume. During treatment the patient developed some expected skin erythema and desquamation. This was treated symptomatically with silvadene creme and sitz baths. She tolerated treatment well and was seen in follow-up one month after completing treatment. Her skin reaction healed and she denied any diarrhea, anorectal pain, nausea, rectal bleeding, or vaginal bleeding.