When compared to a male patient with the same clinical risk factors, the 10-year probability of fracture was halved (13% for
osteoporotic fracture, 11% for hip fracture). In younger age categories, much smaller differences between the two genders were observed: the 10-year probability of osteoporotic fracture was 3.7% in a 50-year-old female with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 and a parental hip fracture as single clinical risk factor (0.2% for hip fracture), as compared Metabolism inhibitor to 3.0% in a 50-year-old male with comparable clinical risk factors (0.1% for hip fracture). Table 3 Age- and gender-stratified 10-year probabilities (percent) of osteoporotic fracture in absence or presence of at least a single clinical risk
factor, without information on BMD Males Females Age (years) Clinical risk factor 50 60 70 80 90 50 60 70 80 90 No risk factor 1.5 2.3 3.6 5.5 5.5 1.8 3.4 6.9 12 13 Previous fracture 3.2 4.7 7.0 9.0 8.8 4.1 7.1 13 20 21 Parental hip fracture 3.0 4.4 6.0 12 13 3.7 6.6 11 24 26 Current smoking 1.6 2.4 3.9 6.0 5.8 2.0 3.7 7.7 14 14 Glucocorticoid usea 2.4 3.7 5.7 8.1 7.7 3.1 5.7 11 20 19 Rheumatoid arthritis 2.0 3.1 5.2 8.3 8.5 2.5 4.8 9.8 18 19 Secondary osteoporosisb 2.0 3.1 5.2 8.3 8.5 2.5 4.8 9.8 18 19 Alcohol usec 1.8 2.8 4.6 7.3 7.5 2.2 4.2 8.7 16 17 BMI is set at 25 kg/m2 aCurrent exposure
A-769662 to oral glucocorticoids or prior exposure for a period of at least 3 months at a daily dose of at least 5 mg prednisolone (or equivalent doses of other glucocorticoids) bIncludes patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type I, osteogenesis imperfecta, untreated long-standing hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism or premature menopause (<45 years), chronic malnutrition Bupivacaine or malabsorption, and chronic liver disease cExposure to at least three units of alcohol daily (one unit equals 8–10 g alcohol) Tables 4 and 5 show the effect of BMD on the 10-year probabilities of osteoporotic and hip fracture in men and women aged 60 years old (Table 4) and aged 80 years old (Table 5) with a BMI of 25 kg/m2, rheumatoid arthritis, and a parental history of hip fracture. Fracture risk increased with decreasing T-score. When BMD was entered into the model, the difference in probabilities between men and women became less marked than without BMD. There was also a large range of probabilities noted as a function of the T-score. Thus, probability was markedly underestimated in individuals with low T-scores (for elderly patients, i.e., 80 years old, only at T-scores below −2 SD), when information on BMD was not used in the model.