We analyzed 803 HBeAg-positive patients treated with PEG-IFN in three global studies with available HBsAg measurements. A stopping-rule based on absence of a decline from baseline was compared to a prediction-rule that uses HBsAg levels of <1,500 IU/mL and >20,000 IU/mL to identify patients with high and low probabilities of response. Patients with https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html an HBsAg level <1,500 IU/mL at week 12 achieved response (HBeAg loss with HBV DNA <2,000 IU/mL at 6 months

posttreatment) in 45%. At week 12, patients without a decline in HBsAg achieved a response in 14%, compared to only 6% of patients with HBsAg >20,000 IU/mL, but performance varied across HBV genotype. In patients treated with PEG-IFN monotherapy (n = 465), response rates were low in patients with www.selleckchem.com/products/azd5363.html genotypes A or D if there was no decline of HBsAg by week 12 (negative predictive value [NPV]: 97%-100%), and in patients with genotypes B or C if HBsAg at week 12 was >20,000 IU/mL (NPV: 92%-98%). At week 24, nearly all patients with HBsAg >20,000 IU/mL failed to achieve a response,

irrespective of HBV genotype (NPV for response and HBsAg loss 99% and 100%). Conclusion: HBsAg is a strong predictor of response to PEG-IFN in HBeAg-positive CHB. HBV genotype-specific stopping-rules may be considered at week 12, but treatment discontinuation is indicated in all patients with HBsAg >20,000 IU/mL at week 24, irrespective of HBV genotype. (Hepatology 2013;53:872–880) Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) affects over 350 million people and is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.[1] Antiviral treatment with peginterferon-alfa (PEG-IFN)

may result in suppression of HBV DNA, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss, and Glutathione peroxidase hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance.[2-5] Response to PEG-IFN therapy is durable, and patients with a sustained response have a reduced risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.[6-8] However, clinical application of PEG-IFN is compromised by the limited response rates and the occurrence of side effects.[3-5] Careful selection of patients with the highest probabilities of response to PEG-IFN therapy is therefore essential. Several studies have shown that response rates are higher in patients with HBV genotypes A or B versus C or D,[3, 5, 9] and in patients with higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)[5, 9] and lower levels of HBV DNA.[9] Recent studies also suggest that host factors such as IL28B genotype, as well as viral characteristics such as absence of precore and/or core promoter mutants also influence response probabilities.[10, 11] Nevertheless, prediction models incorporating these variables have only limited discriminatory capabilities.