To verify Vα usage for DbNPCD8+ and DbPACD8+ T cells, PCR was performed with a panel of Vα primers: Vα1, Vα2, Vα3, Vα4, Nutlin-3 solubility dmso Vα5, Vα6, Vα7, Vα8, Vα9, Vα10, Vα11, Vα13, Vα14, Vα16, Vα17, Vα18, Vα19, and Vα20 41. PCR products were cloned into a vector pCR2.1-TOPO, and colonies containing inserts were sequenced. The authors thank Dina Stockwell for technical assistance, Ken Field for FACS sorting and Serrin Rowarth for providing the A7 mice. This work was supported by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Project Grants to KK (AI454312) and PCD (AI454595), an NHMRC Program
Grant # 567122 (to PCD and SJT), and NIH grant AI170251. K. K. is an NHMRC RD Wright Fellow and S. J. T. is a Pfizer Senior Research Fellow. S. A. V. is a recipient of the Australian Postgraduate Award and E. B. D. of the NHMRC Postgraduate Biomedical Scholarship. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no financial or commercial conflict of interest. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. “
“Caribbean hair sheep are more
resistant to gastrointestinal nematodes than conventional wool breeds, but mechanisms that confer resistance are not fully understood. This study compared immune effector cell populations and antibody BGJ398 datasheet concentrations in 12 hair and 12 wool lambs infected with the abomasal parasite Haemonchus contortus and sacrificed at 3 or 27 days Methocarbamol post-infection (p.i.) and 14 uninfected animals of each breed. Faecal egg counts were over 2·5-fold higher (P = 0·12) and packed cell volumes approximately 8% lower (P < 0·10) in infected wool lambs. Abomasal lymph nodes were heavier in infected animals (P < 0·05) and infected hair sheep had larger lymph nodes than infected wool sheep (P < 0·05). Tissue eosinophil concentrations were likewise larger (P = 0·07) in hair compared with wool sheep at 3 days p.i. Circulating levels of IgE and IgA in uninfected lambs were higher in hair sheep
(P < 0·05) and during infection, hair sheep had higher serum IgA than wool sheep at 3, 5, and 21 days p.i. (P < 0·05). Serum IgE in infected lambs did not differ between breeds, but concentrations of IgE in lymph nodes were higher (P < 0·01) at 27 days p.i. in infected hair sheep. Haemonchus contortus, a blood-feeding, abomasal parasite, is the most common and problematic of the gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep in humid temperate and subtropical climates. The prevalence of GIN that are resistant to anthelmintic treatment is increasing, with almost all farms in the southeastern US having GIN that are resistant to one or more anthelmintics (1). In addition, consumers are driving the livestock industry to produce chemical-free products. Therefore, other methods of parasite control are needed. Caribbean hair sheep have greater resistance than conventional wool sheep to GIN parasites (2–4).