Time contrasts were formed referring to the sample taken at time point 1 min. Furthermore, multiple testing across contrasts and genes was conducted. The false discovery rate was controlled using the method of Benjamini and Hochberg [23] as implemented in Limma. The genes were further analyzed by utilizing information from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM,

[24]) to group the genes by function. More detailed descriptions of the microarray experiments are available at the NCBIs Gene Expression Omnibus [25, 26] through the GEO series accession number GSE13683. Statistical analysis Substrate flux across the liver remnant was analyzed using linear mixed models in SPSS 15, testing time (T), and group*time (GT) interaction. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Analysis of differences in hemodynamic changes between the shunt- and sham groups was analyzed Rucaparib research buy using scale-space analysis of time series [27]. Comparison of group differences at specific time points was done using a two-tailed Student’s t-test with the Bonferroni correction for multiple measurements. Results are expressed as mean values ± SD. Results Hemodynamics of the acute series (Additional file 1 : Table S1) Upon opening the shunt, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased from

90.3 to 70.3 mmHg (p = 0.01). The systemic vascular resistance (SVR) fell from 16.5 to 11.2 mmHg min/mL (p = 0.002). A reciprocal increase in heart rate from 100 to 150 beats per minute (p < 0.05) and a sustained increase in cardiac output (CO) from 5.01 to 6.65 mL/minute was observed https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html (not significant due to large standard deviation). This was in contrast to the sham

animals, where these parameters remained unchanged throughout the same time period. The flow in the LPVB increased from the normal average of 221 ml/minute of portal blood flow to an average of 1050 ml/minute of arterial blood flow as a result of the aortoportal shunting. This increased the flow/gram liver in the shunted side by a factor of 4.7 from 0.61 mL/minute/gram to 2.89 mL/minute/gram (p < 0.001). The flow in the right portal vein branch (RPVB) decreased slightly from why 647 mL to 636 mL after ligating the LPVB. Hereafter, the flow fell gradually throughout the experiment, the flow becoming increasingly lower over time compared to the sham group (p = 0.01). No significant change in flow per gram liver in the portally perfused segments was observed (1.57 mL/minute/gram to 1.53 mL/minute/gram). Conversely, the portal venous pressure (PVP) (in the MPVT) increased in the shunt group from an average of 6.22 to 8.55 mmHg (after ligation of the LPVB) whilst the PVP decreased in the sham group from an average of 6 to 5 mmHg, the pressure change trends being significantly different in the two groups (p < 0.05).