The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic management of children requiring surgical drainage for acute cervical lymphadenitis.
Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was performed at a Midwestern US tertiary-care children’s hospital on all immunocompetent children who underwent an incision and drainage procedure of cervical lymphadenitis from January 1999 to July 2009.
Results: A total of 277 patients were identified. Males represented 51% and the median age was 28 months (IQR: 13-59). Lymphadenitis. was unilateral in 243 (87.7%) cases and bilateral in 19 (6.9%). Median length of hospital stay
was 4 days (IQR: 3-5). Aerobic, anaerobic, acid fast bacillus (AFB), and fungal cultures were obtained intraoperatively in 99%, 98%, 82%, and 78% of cases, respectively.
However no fungal cultures were positive and only 1% 4-Hydroxytamoxifen supplier of anaerobic and 2% of AFB cultures were positive. The most common bacterial etiology was Staphylococcus aureus (35.7%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (18.8%). Of all cultures, 32% were negative. Overall, 22% were positive for methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and 13.7% for methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), with 96% MSSA and 100% MRSA susceptible to clindamycin. Median duration of discharge antibiotics prescribed was 10 Acalabrutinib days (IQR: 7-11). Only 12 (4.5%) patients required a repeat incision and drainage within 3 months.
Conclusions: A single antibiotic that treats S. pyogenes and S. aureus should be the empiric antibiotic for cervical lymphadenitis requiring incision and drain. We recommend sending only aerobic cultures intraoperatively as a routine practice as other pathogens are rare. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The purpose of this research work was to prepare poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)
(PLGA) nanoparticles for delivery of siRNA (small interfering RNA) for silencing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene in cancerous cells by using the double emulsion solvent diffusion (DESE) method. Over-expression of Bcl-2 is often seen in a wide variety of human cancers. This Epigenetics inhibitor prevents the induction of programmed cell death (i.e. apoptosis) in cancerous cells. It is also reported that over-expression of Bcl-2 contributes to resistance in chemotherapy and inhibits the apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Agents antagonizing the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein have been shown to restore normal apoptotic processes in cancer cells. RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an efficient and selective technique for gene silencing. siRNA mediated gene silencing has been used in a wide variety of disease condition. PLGA nanoparticles were able to completely bind siRNA and to provide protection for siRNA against nuclease degradation. In vitro cell culture studies subsequently revealed that PLGA nanoparticles with adsorbed siRNA could efficiently silence the targeted anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene in mammalian cells.