The final review in this supplement examines the data concerning vaccine recommendations for international travelers, taking into account recommendations from the US ACIP and authorities in Canada and Europe, as well as specific destination country requirements. A. W.-S. serves on the Advisory Board for Novartis and on the Meningococcal Vaccine Initiative. She has received speakers’ honoraria and financial sponsorships to attend conferences from Novartis, GSK, and Sanofi-Pasteur. “
“Increased international travel raises the importance of accurate surveillance of travel-associated

gastroenteric pathogens to improve treatment and the investigation of cross-border outbreaks. This study found that 45% of Salmonella and 17% of Campylobacter infections in England were travel-associated, but only 29 and 3% of travel histories were accurately identified by national laboratory surveillance. More structured data collection Roxadustat concentration R428 clinical trial forms and staff training may be needed to address this. Campylobacter and Salmonella species are major causes of diarrheal disease in the UK

with 50,000 and 10,000 confirmed cases per year, respectively.1 Both pathogens can lead to serious complications with associated excess morbidity and mortality,2,3 particularly in vulnerable population groups. Increasing resistance to antibiotics4 and chronic Salmonella carriage3 are additional problems. Accurate travel information is necessary to monitor emerging subtypes or antibiotic resistance patterns, selleck compound to correctly interpret

output from national laboratory exceedance reporting tools5 (in order to direct further investigations into putative clusters) and to help identify and remove relevant exposures. It is also necessary for the surveillance and investigation of clusters in returning travelers and to distinguish these from infections acquired in the UK. Cases’ travel status is currently ascertained through laboratory surveillance, but the predictive value of this information has never been estimated. The aim of this study was to quantify the proportion of travel under-ascertainment for Salmonella and Campylobacter cases in the national laboratory surveillance system in England. In addition the proportion of foreign travel-associated salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis was estimated and characteristics of illness related to these pathogens described. We used data from the Coordinated Local Authority Sentinel Surveillance of Pathogens (CLASSP) study,6 a large, active population-based surveillance system in England. Detailed standardized questionnaires were administered to all the cases of laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sentinel areas, and 11,523 questionnaires were returned from individuals with a recent history of campylobacteriosis and 2,393 from people with a recent history of salmonellosis (about 10 and 7% of all cases in England).