The cancer cell microenvironment has become a topic of curiosity about prostate cancer research BAY 11-7082 at the same time. Prostate cancer may be the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer related death in Western countries. The treatment of localized prostate cancer includes surgery or radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy, while in advanced disease, hormonal therapy according to androgen exhaustion is indicated. For castrate refractory prostate cancer patients with advanced illness, standard chemotherapy regimens with docetaxel and cabazitaxel are available. Nevertheless, the castrate refractory prostate cancer has a striking preference for skeletal localization of distant metastasis. It has been postulated the bone marrow stromal micro-environment offers a protective niche for cancer cells, ultimately causing perhaps relapse of disease and therapy resistance. Therefore, novel treatments in prostate cancer, which target the cancer cell micro-environment conversation, are of interest. In this review, we questioned whether targeting the CXCR4/ CXCL12 axis in prostate cancer disrupts the defensive tumorstromal micro-environment Lymph node interactions and sensitizes cancer cells to docetaxel chemotherapy. . More over, we aimed to examine the possible significance of our findings by analyzing CXCR4 expression levels in individual types of primary and metastatic prostate cancer. Materials and Techniques Cell Lines Luciferase transfected individual metastatic prostate cancer cell line was cultured in Roswell ParkMemorial Institute 1640 medium with ten percent fetal bovine serum and the breast cancer cell line, involved as a good control, was cultured in Dulbeccomodified Eagle medium with 10%FBS and 1% L glutamine. Human bone marrow derived stromal cell line was preserved in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS and the mouse bone marrow derived stromal fibroblasts cell line in minimal important medium with 10% FBS.. All cell lines were maintained at 37 C with five hundred CO2 in a humidified atmosphere. All media and supplements were obtained from Invitrogen. Drug Sensitivity Ganetespib cell in vivo in vitro in the In Vitro Coculture Model PC3 luc cells cells prelabeled with red fluorescent dye were plated in 24 well plates on glass slides with or without precultured stromal monolayer. Cells were treated with docetaxel in concentrations ranging from 0. 1 to 1 uM for 40 hours with or without 25 ug/ml AMD3100 or with docetaxel with or without a 1:100 anti hCXCL12 antibody. Glass slides were obtained after treatment, fixed, and stained with 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole. Tumor cell viability was assessed with nuclear DAPI staining based on the statement of the nuclear structure. DiI staining was used to recognize tumefaction cells in coculture.