The allelic and genotypic frequency of one intronic SNP (rs175646; P=0.0135 and P=0.0137, respectively) and the genotypic frequency for the SNP in the UTR region (rs8215; P=0.049) was also significantly different between cases and controls of the Korean cohort. There was no difference in allelic or genotypic frequencies in the Dutch population. These SNPs in JDP2 are associated with intracranial JPH203 in vitro aneurysms, suggesting that variation in or near JDP2 play a role in susceptibility to lAs in East Asian populations. (C) 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We present a case of an embolus traversing the patent foramen ovale (PFO) diagnosed on echocardiography

with extensive bilateral pulmonary embolism demonstrated on subsequent computed tomography scan.”
“Synapse loss induced by amyloid beta (An) is thought to be a primary contributor to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. A is generated by proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP), a synaptic receptor whose physiological function remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of APP in dendritic spine formation, which is known buy ZD1839 to be important for learning and memory. We found that overexpression of APP increased spine number, whereas knockdown of APP reduced

spine density in cultured hippocampal neurons. This spine-promoting effect of APP required both the extracellular and intracellular domains of APP, and find more was accompanied by specific upregulation of the GluR2, but not the GluR1, subunit of AMPA receptors. In an in vivo experiment, we found that cortical layers II/III and hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in 1 year-old APP-deficient mice had fewer and shorter dendritic spines than wild-type littermates. In contrast, transgenic mice overexpressing mutant APP exhibited increased spine density compared to control animals, though only at

a young age prior to overaccumulation of soluble amyloid. Additionally, increased glutamate synthesis was observed in young APP transgenic brains, whereas glutamate levels were decreased and GABA levels were increased in APP-deficient mice. These results demonstrate that APP is important for promoting spine formation and is required for proper spine development. (C) 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Tracheocele, a protrusion of the mucous membrane through a defect in the tracheal wall, may be congenital or acquired.(1,2) Tracheoceles are rare,(1) and most cause only a few symptoms, which are usually well tolerated.(1,3) We report the case of a 52-year-old man with a giant tracheocele that was incorrectly diagnosed preoperatively as a laryngocele.”
“Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and important pathologic features of human traumatic brain injury (TBI), accounting for high mortality and development of persistent post-traumatic neurologic sequelae.