The activity of this concentrate was analyzed
by the antimicrobial-activity plate assay using serial dilutions. A growth inhibition zone appeared when microcin N was present. The producer strain E. coli MC4100 pGOB18 was grown in M63 medium for 8 h and the culture supernatant was loaded on the previously activated Sep-Pak C18 column (Waters, Milford, MA). The microcin was eluted with increasing concentrations of methanol/water solutions (0–95%), collecting 1-mL fractions. The purification of SB431542 datasheet microcin N was performed by HPLC. One milliliter of semi-purified microcin obtained from the Sep-Pak C18 column was dried in a SpeedVac. Microcin N was resuspended in 50 μL of acetonitrile solution (40%, v/v) and loaded in an HPLC Beckman Gold System (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA). The sample was chromatographed in an isocratic condition using 40% v/v acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 on a Beckman ODS column (5 μm × 4.6 mm × 25 cm) (Beckman Coulter Inc.). Proteins were detected at 215 nm using a Beckman System Gold 166 Detector. The fraction corresponding to microcin N was PD-1/PD-L1 targets identified using sensitive plate assay. The mass of microcin N purified by HPLC was determined on a Microflex MALDI-TOF (Bruker Daltonics Inc., MA). The spectra were performed under the positive ion mode, averaging 10 spectra obtained by 40 laser shots each. Fluorescence labeling of microcin N was achieved according to the method
described by Ragland et al. (1974). Briefly, 300 μL of purified microcin N was concentrated to 10 μL by evaporation. This concentrate was then mixed with 4 μL of
0.4 M borate (pH 9.0) and 8 μL of fluorescamine solution (2 mg mL−1 in dimethyl sulfoxide). After 1 min of reaction at room temperature, 7 μL of loading buffer was added. Samples oxyclozanide were denatured by boiling for 5 min and then analyzed by Tricine–sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (Schägger & von Jagow, 1987) to separate polypeptides from 1 to 100 kDa. The DNA sequences reported in this paper are deposited in GenBank under accession number FJ895580. To confirm the accuracy of the previously reported sequence of the genetic system of microcin 24 (now microcin N), we sequenced the entire fragment cloned into pGOB18. The previously reported sequence (GenBank accession number U47048) has one deletion and three insertions with respect to the sequence reported in this work. These differences resulted in important changes in the putative regulator gene and in the structural gene for microcin N. Because of the differences with the previously reported sequences, we decided to rename these genes in order to use the commonly accepted microcin nomenclature as shown in Fig. 1. The mcnR gene encodes for a putative regulator of 144 amino acids and shares 99% (143/144) identity with proteins ACA51174 from S. enterica ssp. enterica serovar Dublin and ABZ89587 from the E. coli conjugative plasmid pOLA52 (Norman et al., 2008).