STZ carried out the MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis and revised the manuscript. XYL prepared the camptothecine nanoparticles and drafted the method of the preparation. XCC contributed to histological analysis and revised the manuscript. XZ participated in the design of the

study, supervised experimental work and revised the manuscript. ZYQ offered camptothecine and nanoparticle, and participated in the preparation of the camptothecine nanoparticles. LNZ participated in animal experiment, histological analysis and TUNEL staining. ZYL contributed to animal experiment and TUNEL staining. YMW participated in FK506 purchase statistical analyses. QZ, TY, ZYL and XH contributed to animal experiment. YQW conceived of the study and designed the topic. All authors read and approved Selleckchem Ro 61-8048 the final manuscript.”
“Background An adequate staging of a tumour arising in the oral-cavity is essential for the choice of appropriate surgical management (i.e. ablative, reconstructive) and for the chemo-radiation therapy planning [1, 2]. The evaluation of either the depth or

the extension of the invasion of both the soft tissue and the bone adjacent to the lesion is necessary to well stage the oral-cavity tumours. This is particularly emphasized when a mandibular involvement is presumable, considering the probable tumour invasion of both its cortical SP600125 purchase and medullary components. Clinical assessment of mandibular invasion is possible by either evaluating clinical symptoms and

signs or bimanually assessing the mobility of the tumour in relation to the mandible [3]. However, the clinical examination always requires an imaging correlation. Various imaging techniques (i.e. ortopanthomography, scintigraphy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography) are actually used to make a diagnosis of mandibular invasion by tumours of the oral cavity [4–6]. Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) represent the routine PRKD3 imaging modalities for the pre-operative tumour staging of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These techniques provide multiple informations regarding (i) the extension of the tumour beyond the midline lingual septum, (ii) the deep extension and/or (iii) the infiltration of the mandible, considering either the cortical or medullary portion [7–9], all of them considered very important points for treatment planning [10–12]. However, in some cases also with imaging it could be difficult to determine exactly the presence and rate of bone infiltration, and particularly to establish the involvement of the cortical and/or medullary part of the mandible [3, 12–14]. To our knowledge very few studies compared MDCT and MRI in the evaluation of the mandibular involvement from tumours arising into the oral cavity.