Supply and transfer line temperature have been 200 C and 270 C, respectively, and detector voltage was set at 2100 V. The acquisition variety was m z 41 to 600 with a spectrum recoding interval of 0. 4 s. The process was tuned with PFK to realize a reso lution of 5,000 at m z 292. 9824, and also the mass accuracy across all ideal ions was much better than 4 mmu. NMR analyses had been conducted applying hexane extracts of several tens of thousands of ants. The extracts were purified utilizing conditioned SiOH columns with distilled hexane and chloroform as respective eluents. The novel compounds had been eluted with chloroform, which was then evaporated plus the fraction reconstituted in hexane. Just after concentration to 50 ul, the fraction was chromatographed more than two. 0 g silica gel in twelve fractions of 4 ml each, using the next solvents .
one hundred.0, a hundred.0, 50.one, 20.one, 10.1, five.1, 3.1, one.1, 0.one hundred, 0.one hundred, 0.100, 0.one hundred. The novel compounds had been found solely in the 1st 100% dichloromethane fraction, wherever the primary compound had a concentration of 89%. NMR spectra have been recorded on a Varian INOVA 500 MHz instrument equipped using a 3 mm ID PFG probe. The 1H and 13C Odanacatib molecular weight chemical shifts had been referenced to solvent signal at H C 7. 27 77. 0 ppm relative to TMS. All 1D and 2D NMR measurements had been performed making use of common Varian pulse sequences. Adiabatic broadband and band selective 2D gradient enhanced HSQC and HMBC measurements have been performed making use of normal CHEMPACK four. 0 pulse se quences implemented by K. Krishnamurthy in Varian VnmrJ2. 1B software.
The variety and nature of unsaturations while in the novel compounds had been investigated by regular hydrogenation SNS314 procedures of crude Cr. modiglianii extracts utilizing hydro gen and palladium on carbon and rhodium on carbon as catalysts in methanol. Also, the probable occurrence of triple bonds was checked by hydrogenation employing Lindlars catalyst in methanol. To determine the presence of primary and or secondary alcohols, extracts were treated with MSTFA to obtain trimethylsilyl derivatives or with acetic anhydride pyridine to acquire the corresponding acetates by standard micro derivatization procedures. Behavioural experiments To be able to disentangle diverse sources of recognition cues, we confronted the ants with four different types of cues . freshly killed employees, their cuticular extracts, a non polar and a polar fraction of cuticular extracts.
Extracts and fractions were presented on dead, thoroughly solvent washed ants, In each and every test series, we measured no matter whether the observed ants distinguished amongst intra and allocolonial cues from the respective partner species, The exper iments had been performed using a Cr. modiglianii colony and Ca. rufifemur cues, and vice versa. The possible aggression lowering effect from the crematoenones was on top of that examined making use of a Ca.