Some NECs are presumed to be involved in paracrine regulation of gill blood flow, while others part of the reflex pathways involved in cardiorespiratory control. There is both direct and indirect evidence to indicate that the chemosensing cells involved

in these latter reflexes sit in locations where some monitor O-2 levels in water, blood or both, yet the anatomical data do not show such clear distinctions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Characterization of magnetic clustering and its effect on magnetic switching behavior and recording performance are investigated. Intergranular exchange coupling constant (J(c)) of full-stack media is controlled over a wide range by applying a bias voltage (V(B)) to the bottom oxide layer only selleck chemicals llc while the other conditions remain the same. With increasing V(B) up to 300 V, H(n) considerably increases by 25% while H(c) and H(s) remain constant. Magnetic correlation length (D(n)) extracted from major and minor loops is plotted with J(c) values estimated from the Delta H(M,Delta M) method. Two distinct regions emerge, with lower J(c) and larger D(n) at V(B) <= 200 V, and with higher J(c) and much larger D(n) at V(B) > 200 V. These regions are consistent with the microstructures of biased CoCrPt-SiO(2) films reported elsewhere. An increase in the intrinsic switching field distribution is also observed at V(B) >

200 V. Good correlation between K(u)V/kT and D(n)(2), and the PFTα increase in coherent switching behavior for media with higher V(B), can be understood by the magnetic clustering effect. All the recording parameters of OW, resolution, low-frequency amplitude, magnetic core width, and SNR correlate well with D(n). (C)

2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3554197]“
“BACKGROUND: Negative climate impacts on crop yield increase pressures on food security in China. In this study, climatic impacts on cereal yields (rice, wheat and maize) were investigated by analyzing climate-yield relationships from 1980 to selleck screening library 2008.\n\nRESULTS: Results indicated that warming was significant, but trends in precipitation and solar radiation were not statistically significant in most of China. In general, maize is particularly sensitive to warming. However, increase in temperature was correlated with both lower and higher yield of rice and wheat, which is inconsistent with the current view that warming results in decline in yields. Of the three cereal crops, further analysis suggested that reduction in yields with higher temperature is accompanied by lower precipitation, which mainly occurred in northern parts of China, suggesting droughts reduced yield due to lack of water resources. Similarly, a positive correlation between temperature and yield can be alternatively explained by the effect of solar radiation, mainly in the southern part of China where water resources are abundant.