More knowledge of specific SHS health effects and disagreement how to order that it is acceptable to smoke when children are not present but will be later were consistent predictors of supporting smoke-free policies. These findings are also consistent with a recent nationally representative parent survey in which the level of agreement that breathing air in a room today where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of children was associated with having complete HSRs and more nuanced knowledge of SHS health effects was more salient than general knowledge (Winickoff et al., 2009). Together, these findings suggest a need to increase awareness of specific harmful effects of SHS exposure and effective strategies for protecting nonsmokers�� especially children��from being exposed.

Fewer than one third of tenants reported SHS incursions in the past year compared to about half in other studies of MUH residents (Hennrikus et al., 2003; King et al., 2010; Pizacani et al., 2012). However, tenants with incursions were more likely to support smoke-free policies. The lower incursion rate was not surprising because most buildings contained relatively few units with most on the ground floor, and SHS is more likely to seep from lower to upper floors (Bohac et al., 2011). No previous studies have assessed whether tenants who experienced SHS incursions were more likely to support smoke-free policies. This finding could potentially be used to promote the need for smoke-free policies among tenants. As a whole, study findings also have implications for the effectiveness of smoke-free policies in subsidized MUH.

Poland et al. proposed that enforcement of bans in public places is likely to be as much or more driven by social norms about appropriate public behavior than by officials (Poland, 2000). This is likely to be more true for regulation of behaviors in private settings (Blankenship, Bray, & Merson, 2000). Social norms for smoking and in-home smoking (e.g., number of friends who smoke) were not significant predictors of support for smoke-free policies after controlling for smoking status. However, more than half of smokers had a majority of friends who smoke and visitors who smoke inside. Therefore, social norms among smokers largely did not support limiting in-home smoking. Because smokers were also less likely to support smoke-free policies, it is unclear whether existing social norms will support compliance with these policies. To date, public health professionals have equated a lack of evictions and tenant complaints about smoke-free policies with compliance. However, the same outcomes would be observed if Cilengitide compliance was low and few enforcement activities were occurring.