However, little is known about the neural representations of the different facial dimensions during WM. In the present study 22 subjects performed a face-identity or face-emotion WM task at different load levels during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found a fronto-parietal-visual
WM-network for both tasks during maintenance, including fusiform gyrus. Limbic areas in the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus demonstrated a stronger activation for the identity than the emotion condition. One explanation 10058-F4 for this finding is that the repetitive presentation of faces with different identities but the same emotional expression during the identity-task is responsible for the stronger increase in BOLD signal in the amygdala. These results raise the question how different emotional
expressions are coded in WM. Our findings suggest that emotional expressions are re-coded in an abstract representation that is supported 4SC-202 chemical structure at the neural level by the canonical fronto-parietal WM network. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of defined cardiovascular risk factors occurring simultaneously in a single individual. The result of dysregulated glucose and vascular metabolism, the syndrome has been identified as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity in the general population. More recently, a relatively high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has been recognized among kidney selleck chemicals llc transplant recipients. The prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology, and potential consequences of the metabolic syndrome in the general population and in kidney transplant recipients are reviewed. The definitions
and clinical utility of the metabolic syndrome as a medical condition continue to be debated. Nevertheless, the burden of risk increases with the presence of multiple components, including insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, and dysregulated lipid metabolism. Risk factors specific to transplant recipients include the duration of pretransplant dialysis and posttransplant immunosuppression and weight gain. The metabolic syndrome is emerging as a significant surveillance target following kidney transplantation. Control of body mass index, blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as blood pressure, is required to prevent the consequences of the metabolic syndrome, including cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death. Immunosuppressive regimens should be designed to limit exacerbation of components of the metabolic syndrome.”
“We live in a multisensory world and one of the challenges the brain is faced with is deciding what information belongs together. Our ability to make assumptions about the relatedness of multisensory stimuli is partly based on their temporal and spatial relationships. Stimuli that are proximal in time and space are likely to be bound together by the brain and ascribed to a common external event.