Even though the mangrove ecosystem is very rich in microbial diversity, less than 5% of species

have been described; in many cases neither their ecological role nor their application potential is known. Recently developed technologies in molecular biology and genetics offer great promise to explore the potential of microbial diversity. Hence, the present paper makes an attempt to review the microbial diversity in mangrove ecosystems and explore their potential applications in various fields such as agriculture, pharmaceutical, industrial, environmental and medical sciences.”
“Aim: To compare histological and urodynamic outcome of the classical detrusorotomy with and without the aid of intravesical balloon distension. We also describe a new technique with multiple detrusor XR9576 incisions instead of detrusorotomy. Methods: A total of 24 animals were included in the study. Three different techniques of autoaugmentation cystoplasty were applied to surgically reduced CCI-779 bladders of 14 sheep. Five sheep underwent surgical reduction of bladder

capacity as control group and five sheep underwent sham operation. In Group DIB (detrusor incision with balloon), standard whole thickness incisions on bladder wall were performed and a silicon balloon was inflated intravesically postoperatively. Group DMB (detrusorotomy with balloon) and Group DM (detrusorotomy) underwent standard detrusorotomy. After measuring capacities and compliances, animals were sacrificed on 90th postoperative day. Bladders were histopathologically evaluated. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Fludarabine CD31, and microvessel density (MVD) was noted. Quantification of collagen subtypes was also performed. Results: The mean capacity and compliance for Group DM and control were not significantly different and both were lower than other augmentation groups and sham. In Groups DMB and DM fibrosis was significantly increased. The VEGF expression was lower in Group DIB with respect to other augmentation groups whereas MVD was not significantly different. Measurement of total collagen

and collagen subtypes revealed an increase in total collagen of groups DMB and DM when compared to other groups. Quantification of collagen subtypes demonstrated that types I and III were significantly increased in aforementioned groups. Conclusion: Autoaugmentation omentocystoplasty in sheep model does not result in a reliable increase in bladder capacity and compliance. Intravesical balloon inflation makes the achievement more pronounced and significantly increases the bladder capacity and compliance. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1371-1375, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Background: Platelets play a central role in hemostasis after trauma. However, the platelet count of most trauma patients does not fall below the normal range (100-450 x 10(9)/L), and as a result, admission platelet count has not been adequately investigated as a predictor of outcome.