To reduce selection bias in the reliability sample, monetary incentives for the retest interview were high relative to the baseline interview; the 64% of the sample who participated did not differ from those who http://www.selleckchem.com/products/DAPT-GSI-IX.html had been invited but did not participate. Our retest rate compares favorably to the retest rates below 35% obtained by Brigham et al. (2008, 2009) in their web-based studies, which offered smaller financial incentives. Future test�Cretest research may benefit from the use of higher value incentives to facilitate recruitment and retention at retest. As an interviewer-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire, the LIST can readily be incorporated into settings and studies that do not involve computer-based data collection.

Interviewer-administered questionnaires may also facilitate inclusion of lower literacy participants than remote web-based self-administration. The LIST is appropriate for use in studies in which the detailed measurement of lifetime smoking history is important, and prospective data are not available. Although administration of the LIST can be time intensive, certain modules can be included or excluded based on the needs of the study. Limitations These findings should be considered in the context of several limitations. First, as noted previously (Gilman et al., 2008), the CPP cohort was not designed to be a representative sample of all births in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, and the G2s included in the current study on the basis of idiosyncratic inclusion criteria are not representative of the full CPP cohort nor adults from this geographic area.

A prior TTURC: NEFS study (Graham et al., 2008) compared a subset of G2 smokers with a regional-matched subsample of the national BRFSS and found the TTURC: NEFS smokers to be slightly younger, more likely to be female, never married, have a high-school degree or less, and less likely to be Hispanic. These differences point to potential domains in which data from the present study may not be representative of a population-based sample of smokers. However, the sample is sufficiently sociodemographically similar, relatively large, and sufficiently heterogeneous in makeup to be reasonably robust for many research purposes. Second, while reliability is an important psychometric characteristic, the validity of the LIST remains to be empirically established.

However, the construction of the LIST was guided by a wealth of studies that have documented Anacetrapib the importance of key metrics, such as age at smoking initiation and other transition milestones (cf., Breslau, Fenn, & Peterson, 1993; Dierker et al., 2008), time to first cigarette (cf., Baker et al., 2007; Haberstick et al., 2007; Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerstrom, 1991), and the role of early subjective experiences in predicting progression to later smoking (O��Connor et al., 2005).