The placenta from a second case, delivered at 30 weeks for preterm labor, showed similar thrombi in chorionic plate vessels, accompanied by calcification. A third case delivered at 35 weeks produced a liveborn infant, and the placenta showed villous stromal-vascular karyorrhexis,. avascular villi, and stem villous thrombosis. Fetal placental thrombotic lesions seen in the coexistent twin circulation, associated with a complete hydatidiform mole, may

play a heretofore unrecognized role in the morbidity and mortality of the fetus.”
“Aims We determined if transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channels are involved in the detrusor overactivity induced by menthol, or exposure to low temperature (LT). Methods Two days prior to cystometric investigation, the bladders of 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated to measure bladder pressure. After a 20min baseline cystometry period, the TRPM8 channel Liproxstatin-1 solubility dmso antagonist, N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide (BCTC), or vehicle, was administered through a jugular vein catheter (n=6). A 90% menthol solution was sprayed onto bare leg skin once every 5min for 20min, click here and then cystometric measurements were repeated. After a 30-min recovery period, the rats were intravenously administered 0.1 mu mol/kg BCTC. Five minutes later, they were again sprayed and cystometry recorded. In separate experiments, cannulated rats were

intravenously administered 0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 mu mol/kg BCTC (n=6 each dose). Five minutes later, they were exposed to LT (4 +/- 2 degrees C) for 20min of cystometry. Results Menthol spray decreased voiding interval, micturition volume, and bladder capacity in the BCTC-free rats. However after BCTC administration, these effects were prevented. Exposure to LT elicited detrusor overactivity that caused decreased voiding interval, micturition volume, and Rabusertib in vivo bladder capacity. However, at 0.01 and 0.1 mu mol/kg, BCTC inhibited this cold stress-induced detrusor overactivity. Conclusions Since the TRPM8 channel agonist, BCTC, inhibited detrusor

overactivity in rats sprayed with the TRPM8 channel agonist, menthol, and the drug also inhibited cold stress-induced detrusor overactivity, we conclude that TRPM8 channels mediate, at least partially, detrusor overactivity elicited by exposure to LT. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 500-504, 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Microfluidic techniques have been recently developed for cell-based assays. In microfluidic systems, the objective is for these microenvironments to mimic in vivo surroundings. With advantageous characteristics such as optical transparency and the capability for automating protocols, different types of cells can be cultured, screened, and monitored in real time to systematically investigate their morphology and functions under well-controlled microenvironments in response to various stimuli.