We examined the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ECG cha

We examined the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ECG changes during

vasodilator single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) MPI.\n\nWe studied consecutive patients who underwent vasodilator SPECT MPI from 1995 to 2009. Patients with baseline ECG abnormalities, Nutlin-3a mw previous history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery or myocardial infarction (MI) were excluded. Significant coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as > 70% stenosis of any vessel or a parts per thousand yen50% stenosis of left main. Mean follow-up was 2.4 +/- A 1.5 years for cardiac events (cardiac death and non-fatal MI).\n\nOf patients in the diagnostic cohort, ST depression was associated with increased incidence of CAD with abnormal (P = .020 and P <.001) but not in those with normal perfusion (P = .342). Of 3,566 patients with follow-up in the prognostic cohort, including 130 (5.0%) with ST depression and normal perfusion, the presence of ST depression a parts per thousand yen1 mm did not affect the outcomes in any summed stress score category.\n\nST depression a parts per thousand yen1 mm during vasodilator Ion Channel Ligand Library in vitro SPECT MPI is associated with CAD in patients with abnormal perfusion, but provides no additional risk stratification beyond concomitant

perfusion imaging, including those with normal studies.”
“We report a rare and severe nasal presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome in a 41-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage renal disease. His nasal signs included total Veliparib septal necrosis, along with external nasal swelling and erythema. Prior to the correct diagnosis, multiple medical and surgical treatments were attempted without success. After

initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin and anticoagulation therapy, his nasal symptoms promptly resolved. The nasal complication of antiphospholipid syndrome is a relatively unknown and rare finding with limited discussion in the otolaryngology literature.”
“PURPOSE\n\nWe aimed to determine the prevalence of enlarged lymph nodes (LNs) in chest computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with a history of sternotomy.\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\n\nThe chest CT scans of 271 patients with a history of sternotomy (mean age, 68.3 +/- 14.4 years; range, 15-93 years; 178 males) were retrospectively scored in a blind and random manner for the presence, size, and location of enlarged LNs. Scans with known etiologies for enlarged LNs were excluded. Serial scans were available for 15 patients with enlarged LNs. Twenty patients (mean age, 61.2 +/- 7.0 years; range, 54-64 years; 15 males) that had cardiac CT data with no cardiac surgery were included as controls.\n\nRESULTS\n\nOf the 271 patients, 189 had other identifiable etiologies for enlarged LNs. Of the remaining 82 patients, 36 (44%) demonstrated enlarged LNs. None of the control patients presented with enlarged LNs (n=20). The mean size of the enlarged nodes was 13.0 +/- 2.0 mm.

Starting points for improvements include-beyond the increase of r

Starting points for improvements include-beyond the increase of resources for cooperation – the training of medical students and psychiatrists in cooperation practice, reimbursement

of cooperation and coordination and the implementation of systematic coordination of service networks.”
“Exposure assessment analyses conducted in Europe have concluded that the primary pathway of exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is through the diet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether urinary DEHP metabolite data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) demonstrate relationships with reported food-fasting time consistent with diet as the predominant exposure pathway. ERK inhibitor Previous controlled-dosing data demonstrate that DEHP metabolite concentrations in urine first Iressa rise and then decline over time, with first-order elimination becoming evident at about 6 h post exposure. Regression of the concentrations of four key DEHP metabolites vs reported fasting times between 6 and 18 h in adults resulted in apparent population-based urinary elimination half-lives, consistent with those previously determined in a controlled-dosing experiment, supporting

the importance of the dietary pathway for DEHP. For fasting times less than about 6 h, sampling session (morning, afternoon, or evening) affected the measured metabolite BIX 01294 concentration concentrations. Evening samples showed the highest metabolite concentrations, supporting a hypothesis of recent daily dietary exposures from multiple meals, whereas morning and afternoon samples for fasting times less than 6 h were similar and somewhat lower than evening samples, consistent with less-substantial early day dietary exposure. Variations in children’s bodyweight-normalized

creatinine excretion and food intake rates contribute to a strong inverse relationship between urinary DEHP metabolite concentrations and age under age 18. Finally, a previously published pharmacokinetic model for DEHP demonstrates that time since previous urinary void, a parameter not measured in NHANES, is predicted to result in non-random effects on measured urinary concentrations. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2011) 21, 615-624; doi: 10.1038/jes.2011.28; published online 17 August 2011″
“With more than 24,000 extant species, the Actinopterygii is the most diverse group of vertebrates. This astonishing diversity represents not only an underexploited resource for research focused on these fishes but also a source of valuable information for comparative biology and medical science.

Here we report conserved structural features in these sequence da

Here we report conserved structural features in these sequence data. They consist of 19-30 amino acid residues encoded at the C terminus of a 73-152 amino acid precursor and contain the motif C-x(2)-G-x(4,6)-G-x(1,2)-C-[KR], which shares a certain similarity with the motif in the mammalian EGF peptide family. These data indicate that these small cytokines belonging to one family are present in at least five insect orders. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The solubilisation of two poorly soluble flavonoids, quercetin and rutin, in micellar

PFTα solutions of mixtures of a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and styrene oxide (E137S18E137) with one of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (E62P39E62) has been studied at 25 and 37 degrees C. Solubilisation capacities

were higher than those for the model poorly water-soluble drug griseofulvin and comparable with published values for the solubilisation of rutin by beta-cyclodextrin. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric coccidian parasite that is recognised as a frequent cause of water-borne disease in humans. We report for the first time on use of the in vitro HCT-8 cell culture-quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay and the in vivo SCID-mouse bioassay for evaluating critical factors that reduce or eliminate infectivity of C. parvum after irradiating oocysts in saline solution under varying operational conditions with pulsed Vadimezan clinical trial UV light. Infections post UV treatments were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy and by quantitative PCR in cell culture, and by IF staining NVP-BEZ235 of faeces and by hematoxylin and eosin staining of intestinal villi in mice. There was a good agreement between using cell

culture-qPCR and the mouse assay for determining reduction or elimination of C parvum infectivity as a consequence of varying UV operating conditions. Reduction in infectivity depended on the intensity of lamp discharge energy applied, amount of pulsing and population size of oocysts (P <= 0.05). Conventional radiometer was unable to measure fluence or UV dose in saline samples due to the ultra-short non-continuous nature of the high-energy light pulses. incorporation of humic acid at a concentration above that found in surface water (i.e., <= 10 ppm) did not significantly affect PUV disinfection capability irrespective of parameters tested (P <= 0.05). These observations show that use of this HCT-8 cell culture assay is equivalent to using the ‘gold standard’ mouse-based infectivity assay for determining disinfection performances of PUV for treating C. parvum in saline solution. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background\n\nLeprosy causes nerve damage which may result in nerve function impairment and disability. Decompressive surgery is used for treating nerve damage, although the effect is uncertain.

The identification of predictive factors of efficacy would be rel

The identification of predictive factors of efficacy would be relevant for the optimal use of the drug, but to date we have no

conclusive data in this direction.”
“Characteristics of niosomes prepared by a novel supercritical carbon dioxide fluid (scCO(2)) technique have been investigated. Niosomes were composed of Tween61/cholesterol at 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1 molar ratios and entrapped with D-(+)-glucose by the scCO(2) method without and with ethanol at 5, 10 and 15% (w/w) as a co-solvent, and the conventional chloroform film method with sonication. Tween61/cholesterol at 1:1 molar ratio niosomes prepared by all methods exhibited the best SRT2104 concentration physical stability. Niosomes by the scCO(2) method with 10% (w/w) ethanol gave higher trapping efficiency (12.22 +/- 0.26%) than those by the conventional chloroform film method with sonication (10.85 +/- 0.24%) and the scCO(2) method without ethanol (8.40 +/- 1.60%). this website Niosomes by the scCO(2) method with and without ethanol were larger unilamellar structure under TEM with the average sizes of 271.9 +/- 159.6 and 202.5 +/- 136.7 nm, respectively, whereas those by the conventional chloroform film method with sonication

were multilamellar and unilamellar structure with the average size of 58.4 +/- 74.6 nm. However, the dispersibility of niosomes by the conventional chloroform film method with sonication was better than that by the scCO(2) either with or without ethanol, because of smaller particle size. This present study has demonstrated the trapping efficiency enhancement of water-soluble compounds in niosomes by the scCO(2) method with 10% (w/w) of ethanol. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“This study was to generate phasic and tonic stress-strain curves for evaluation of smooth muscle function in the obstructed

guinea selleck compound pig jejunum. Partial and sham obstruction of the jejunumin guinea pigs was created surgically, with guinea pigs not being operated on served as normal controls. The animals survived 2, 4, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The jejunal segment was distended to 10 cm H(2)O. The pressure and outer diameter changes were recorded. Passive conditions were obtained by using papaverine. Total phasic, tonic, and passive circumferential stress and strain were computed from the diameter and pressure data with reference to the zero-stress-state geometry. The active phasic and tonic stresses were defined as the total phasic and tonic stress minus the passive stress. The thickness of intestinal muscle layers increased in a time-dependent manner after obstruction. The amplitude of passive, total phasic, total tonic, active phasic, and active tonic circumferential stresses increased as function of strain 7 days after obstruction. However, when normalized to muscle layer thickness, the amplitude of active stresses did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, the long-term-obstructed intestine exhibits increased total smooth muscle contraction force.

It is suggested that this oral function promotion programme

It is suggested that this oral function promotion programme MI-503 has positive effects on both objective and subjective oral conditions. It is strongly recommended that this programme, along with other oral health promotion programmes, be implemented

to improve oral function and oral health-related quality of life for the elderly.”
“Background: Substrate, ocean current and freshwater discharge are recognized as important factors that control the larval dispersal and recruitment of intertidal species. Life history traits of individual species will determine the differential responses to these physical factors, and hence resulting in contrasting phylogeography across the same biogeographic barrier. To determine how these factors affect genetic structure of rocky shore species along the China

coast, a comparative phylogeographic study of four intertidal and subtidal species was conducted using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by combining new sequences from Siphonaria japonica with previously published sequences from three species (Cellana toreuma, Sargassum horneri and Atrina pectinata). Results: Analysis of molecular variance and pairwise FST revealed significant genetic differences between the Yellow Sea (YS) and 3-deazaneplanocin A the other two marginal seas (East China Sea, ECS and South China Sea, SCS) for rocky-shore species (S. japonica, C. toreuma, S. horneri), but not for muddy-shore species Atrina pectinata. Demographic history analysis proved that

the population size of all these four species were persistent though the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, similar Vorinostat ic50 to 20 ka BP). Migration analysis revealed that gene flow differentiated northward and southward migration for these four species. However, the inferred direction of gene flow using alternatively mitochondrial or nuclear markers was contradictory in S. japonica. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is a phylogeographical break at the Yangtze River estuary for the rocky shore species and the causation of the barrier is mainly due to the unsuitable substratum and freshwater discharge. All four intertidal and subtidal species appear to have persisted through the LGM in China, indicating the lower impact of LGM on intertidal and subtidal species than generally anticipated. The imbalanced gene flow between YS and ESCS groups for these four species could be explained by historical refugia. The discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear markers in the MIGRATE analysis of S. japonica prove the importance of employing multi-locus data in biogeographic study. Climate change, land reclamation and dam construction, which are changing substrate and hydrological conditions around Yangtze River estuary, will consequently affect the biogeographic pattern of intertidal species.

Data collection instruments used in this study were Diabetes Mana

Data collection instruments used in this study were Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale and Summary

of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure. Outcomes were determined by changes in glycaemic control self-efficacy and glycaemic control behaviour of patients with type 2 DM.\n\nResults. The findings revealed that the experimental group showed statistically significant improvement in glycaemic control self-efficacy and glycaemic control behaviour immediately and four months after the intervention (F = 26.888, df = 1, 155, p < 0.05 and F = 18.619, df = 1, HKI-272 molecular weight 155, p < 0.05, respectively).\n\nConclusions. One-month hospital-based clinic intervention could be useful in improving glycaemic control self-efficacy and glycaemic control behaviour.\n\nRelevance to clinical practice. Nurses can learn and use the sources of self-efficacy to enhance patients’ self-efficacy Rabusertib in vivo on their glycaemic control in clinical care. The health education is most important in nursing care and should be considered while organising the hospital-based clinic intervention.”
“Purpose: To measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and that of normal controls by scanning laser polarimetry with enhanced corneal compensation (GDxECC) and RTVue-optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Fifty-two eyes

of 26 patients were included. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examinations and testing with GDxECC. Twenty-eight of 52 eyes of RP patients underwent RTVue-OCT measurements. A group of 50 eyes of 25 normal subjects (controls) was also included. GDxECC measured RNFL thickness in the peripapillary area in all subjects as well as temporal-superior-nasal-inferior-temporal (TSNIT) parameters, including TSNIT means, superior

and inferior region means, Proteasome inhibitor TSNIT standard deviation (SD), inter-eye symmetry and nerve fiber indicator (NFI). RTVue-OCT measured the mean, superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrant RNFL thickness. Result: In RP patients and controls, TSNIT means by GDxECC were, respectively, 65.00 +/- 7.35 and 55.32 +/- 5.20. Mean superior quadrant thicknesses were80.56 +/- 10.93 and 69.54 +/- 7.45. Mean inferior thicknesses were 80.58 +/- 9.34 and 69.12 +/- 7.78. SDs were 27.92 +/- 5.21 and 28.23 +/- 4.01. Inter-eye symmetries were 0.82 +/- 0.17 and 0.87 +/- 0.09. NFIs were 9.74 +/- 8.73 and 16.81 +/- 8.13. The differences between mean TSNIT, mean superior and mean inferior quadrant thicknesses and NFIs were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In RTVue-OCT measurements, the differences between mean, superior, inferior and temporal quadrant RNFL thicknesses were statistically significant (p = 0.0322, 0.0213, 0.0387, 0.0005). Conclusions: The RNFL measured by GDxECC was significantly thicker in RP patients than in controls. RNFL thickness measured by RTVue-OCT was significantly greater in RP patients than in controls in the superior, inferior and temporal regions.

Approximately half had developmental delay/intellectual disabilit

Approximately half had developmental delay/intellectual disability and the others had normal intellectual development. There are generalized flexion contractures with the legs more severely affected than the arms. The ankles are flexed at birth suggesting

a relationship of contraction of the anterior Fer-1 research buy tibial compartment to the in utero development of the anterior tibial crease. Dislocated hips are seen in 60%. Hands open with physical therapy and become quite functional. Those with normal intelligence are ambulatory, often with a crouching stance. Three families had recurrence suggesting a recessive pattern of inheritance. All parents were normal. No affected individuals have had offspring. Several have had CGH arrays, which were normal. The presence of this crease in cases of arthrogryposis appears to be a helpful clinical observation and may even be pathognomonic. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Targeting the increased Fe3+ content in tumors, we propose a novel molecular platform integrated cancer iron chelation therapy for H-1-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) activity. Following this idea, we have designed, synthesized,

and characterized a series of beta-D-galactosides conjugated with various chelators and demonstrated the feasibility of this concept for assessing beta-gal activity in solution Selleckchem NSC23766 by H-1-MRI T-1 and T-2 relaxation mapping.”
“Staufens (Stau) are RNA-binding proteins involved in mRNA transport, localization, decay and translational control. The Staufen 1 (Stau1) isoform was recently identified as necessary for the protein synthesis-dependent late phase long-term potentiation

(late-LTP) and for the maintenance of mature dendritic spines and synaptic activity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, strongly suggesting a role of Fludarabine supplier mRNA regulation by Stau1 in these processes. However, the causal relationship between these impairments in synaptic function (spine shape and basal synaptic activity) and plasticity (late-LTP) remains unclear. Here, we determine that the effects of Stau1 knockdown on spine shape and size are mimicked by blocking NMDA receptors (or elevating extracellular Mg2+) and that Stau1 knockdown in the presence of NMDA receptor blockade (or high Mg2+) has no further effect on spine shape and size. Moreover, the effect of Stau1 knockdown on late-LTP cannot be explained by these effects, since when tested in normal medium, slice cultures that had been treated with high Mg2+ (to impair NMDA receptor function) in combination with a control siRNA still exhibited late-LTP, while siRNA to Stau1 was still effective in blocking late-LTP.


“Objective: in this paper we offer new insights about the


“Objective: in this paper we offer new insights about the medicalisation of childbirth by closely examining the trends in obstetric intervention rates in Flanders and the Netherlands and by considering the influence of contextual factors – including the organisation of the medical system, professional guidelines, and cultural ideas – on the way maternity care is delivered.\n\nDesign: a comparative study using perinatal statistics from the National Perinatal Databases of the Netherlands and Flanders and historical and qualitative data about the organisation and culture of maternity care in each country.\n\nSetting

and participants: in the Netherlands data are gathered from practices of the participating midwives, general practitioners and obstetricians. In Flanders the registration selleck kinase inhibitor of data takes place in Flemish maternity units Copanlisib chemical structure and independent midwifery practices.\n\nMeasurements and findings: in the Netherlands the home birth rate is still by far the highest in Europe and some interventions (e.g. caesarean section and epidural) are among the lowest. However, some perinatal statistics – such as in the use of epidural analgesia during labour – suggest an increasingly medical approach to birth in the Netherlands. Other trends in the Netherlands include an increasing use of inductions

and augmentation in labour, and a decreasing number of births in primary care. The practice of home birth is being challenged by critical discussions in the popular media and ‘scientific’ debates among professionals. In Flanders, there have been some efforts to reduce medicalisation of childbirth, focussed on specific interventions such as induction and episiotomy.\n\nKey conclusions: in recent years the obstetric intervention rates in Belgium and the Netherlands are slowly converging.\n\nImplications

for practice: because https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mx69.html the lives of women, midwives, and obstetricians (among others) are significantly affected by patterns of medicalisation and de-medicalisation, it is important that we understand the drivers of the medicalising process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) are chronic disorders characterized by watery diarrhea. Aim: To evaluate prospectively the clinical features, response to treatment and outcomes in a large group of patients with CC and LC. Patients and Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed CC and LC were prospectively enrolled to complete a questionnaire on onset and duration of diarrhea, stool frequency and consistency, other gastrointestinal symptoms including weight loss, drug history, treatment success and concomitant diseases. Results: A total of 494 patients (CC, n = 287, LC, n = 207) were available for analysis.

We show, however, that bacterium-like and phage-like genes sequen

We show, however, that bacterium-like and phage-like genes sequenced by the N. vectensis genome project tend to cluster on separate scaffolds, which typically do not include eukaryotic genes and differ from the latter in their GC contents. CA3 purchase Moreover, most of the bacterium-like genes in N. vectensis either lack introns or the introns annotated in such genes are false predictions that, when translated, often restore the missing portions of their predicted protein products. In a freshwater

cnidarian, Hydra, for which a proteobacterial endosymbiont is known, these gene features have been used to delineate the DNA of that endosymbiont sampled by the genome sequencing project. We predict that a large fraction of bacterium-like genes identified in the N. vectensis genome similarly are drawn from the contemporary bacterial consorts of the starlet sea anemone. These uncharacterized bacteria associated with N. vectensis are a proteobacterium selleck kinase inhibitor and a representative of the phylum Bacteroidetes,

each represented in the database by an apparently random sample of informational and operational genes. A substantial portion of a putative bacteriophage genome was also detected, which would be especially unlikely to have been transferred to a eukaryote.”
“The catalytic oxidation of phenolic substrates by polyphenoloxidase (PPO) causes pericarp browning of postharvest rambutan fruit. In the present study, PPO and its endogenous substrates were extracted from rambutan pericarp tissues (RPT). The substrate extracts were sequentially partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The analysis of total phenolic content showed that the most phenolic compounds were distributed in ethyl acetate fraction. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),

(-)-epicatechin Z-VAD-FMK mouse (EC) and proanthocyanidin A2 (PA2) were identified from this fraction. After reacting with rambutan PPO, EC turned brown rapidly within 10 min, indicating that it was a significant endogenous substrate. Although PA2 could also be oxidized by the PPO, it turned brown very slowly. In addition, because EC and PA2 were continually catalyzed into browning products by PPO during storage of the fruit at 4 and 25 degrees C, their contents in RPT gradually declined with the extended storage time. It was further observed that both substrate contents in rambutan fruit storing at 25 degrees C decreased more rapidly than that storing at 4 degrees C, suggesting that low temperature inhibited the catalytic oxidation of substrates so as to slow down pericarp browning.”
“The Regulation on Advanced Therapies (Regulation (EC) 1394/2007) establishes a new scientific committee, the Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT), at the European Medicines Agency.

Drug concentrations in plasma and bile were analyzed pharmacokine

Drug concentrations in plasma and bile were analyzed pharmacokinetically and used for a Monte Carlo simulation to predict the probability of attaining the pharmacodynamic

target (40% of the time above the MIC). Both drugs penetrated similarly into bile, with mean bile/plasma ratios of 0.24 to 0.25 (maximum drug concentration) and 0.30 to 0.38 (area under the drug concentration-time curve). BI-6727 The usual regimens of meropenem (0.5 g every 8 h [q8h]) and biapenem (0.3 g q8h) (0.5-h infusions) achieved similar target attainment probabilities in bile (>= 90%) against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae isolates. However, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, meropenem at 1 g q8h and biapenem at 0.6 g q8h were required for values of 80.7% and 71.9%, respectively. The biliary pharmacodynamic-based breakpoint (the highest MIC at which the selleck inhibitor target attainment probability in bile was >= 90%) was 1 mg/liter for 0.5 g q8h and 2 mg/liter for 1 g q8h for meropenem and 0.5 mg/liter for 0.3 g q8h and 1 mg/liter for 0.6 g q8h for biapenem. These results help to define the clinical pharmacokinetics of the two carbapenems in bile while also helping to rationalize and optimize the dosing regimens for biliary tract infections based on site-specific pharmacodynamic

target attainment.”
“The growth of Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 7145 on meso-erythritol is characterized by two stages: in the first stage, meso-erythritol is oxidized almost stoichiometrically to L-erythrulose according to the Bertrand Hudson rule. The second phase is distinguished from the first phase by a global metabolic change from membrane-bound meso-erythritol oxidation to L-erythrulose assimilation with concomitant accumulation of acetic acid. The membrane-associated

erythritol-oxidizing enzyme was found to be encoded by a gene homologous to sldA known from other species of acetic acid bacteria. Disruption of this gene in the genome of G. oxydans DSM 7145 revealed that the membrane-bound polyol dehydrogenase not only oxidizes meso-erythritol but also has a broader substrate spectrum which includes C3-C6 polyols and D-gluconate and supports growth on these substrates. Cultivation of G. oxydans DSM 7145 on different substrates indicated that expression Proteases inhibitor of the polyol dehydrogenase was not regulated, implying that the production of biomass of G. oxydans to be used as whole-cell biocatalysts in the biotechnological conversion of meso-erythritol to L-erythrulose, which is used as a tanning agent in the cosmetics industry, can be conveniently carried out with glucose as the growth substrate.”
“Objective: Loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (PGRN) were identified in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with ubiquitin-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions (FTLD-U). We assessed whether PGRN also contributes to genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) in an extended Belgian AD patient group (n = 779, onset age 74.7 +/- 8.7 years).